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PHYSICAL PUMP
Transport of CO
2
by Vertical
Mixing and Deep
Water Masses
Primary
Production
Organic Carbon
Oxygen
Respiration
Egestion
Food Web
Decomposition
Nutrients
(Nitrate)
Particulate Carbon
(Organic and Inorganic)
Nutrients
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
Nutrients
(Ammonia)
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
Bacteria
Oxidation
Bacteria
Remineralization
Carbon Deposition
Carbon Burial
SOLUBILITY PUMP
Transport of CO
2
through the
air-sea interface
Phytoplankton
High
Latitudes
Low
Latitudes
Vertical Mixing
Local Action
Short-time
Scale
Long-time
Scale
Global Action
Deep Water Masses
Formation
AIR-SEA INTERFACE CO
2
EXCHANGES
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS
Sinking
BIOLOGICAL PUMP
Vertical gravitational
settlings of
biogenic debris
Nutrients
(Nitrate)
Sources:
R. Chester, 2003; H. Elderfield, 2006; R.A. Houghton, 2007; T.J.
Lueker
et al
, 2000;J.A. Raven and P.G. Falkowski, 1999.
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