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Familial risk of CRSwNP and CRSsNP
TABLE 1.
Characteristics of CRSwNP and CRSsNP case probands and 5:1 matched controls in Utah
CRSwNP probands
CRSwNP controls (5:1)
CRSsNP probands
CRSsNP controls (5:1)
Characteristic
n
(%)
n
(%)
n
(%)
n
(%)
Total
1,638
(100.0)
8,189
(100.0)
24,200
(100.0)
121,000
(100.0)
Men
897
(54.8)
4,485
(54.8)
11,570
(47.8)
57,850
(47.8)
Women
741
(45.2)
3,704
(45.2)
12,630
(52.2)
63,150
(52.2)
Race
White
1,558
(95.1)
7,066
(86.3)
23,051
(95.3)
105,853
(87.5)
Non-White
80
(4.9)
1,123
(13.7)
1,149
(4.7)
15,147
(12.5)
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic/Latino
1,547
(94.4)
7,549
(92.2)
23,018
(95.1)
111,731
(92.3)
Hispanic or Latino
91
(5.6)
640
(7.8)
1,182
(4.9)
9,269
(7.7)
Age at diagnosis/selection, years, mean (SD)
44
(16)
44
(16)
43
(15)
43
(15)
Range
18–96
18–96
18–94
18–94
First-degree relatives per case/control
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
Second-degree relatives per case/control
8.9
8.8
6.6
6.3
First-cousin relatives per case/control
10.4
10.4
10.0
9.5
CRSsNP
=
chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis; CRSwNP
=
chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis; SD
=
standard deviation.
TABLE 2.
Familial risk of CRSwNP and CRSsNP in Utah*
Relatives of probands
Relatives of controls
Relationship
Affected
Unaffected
Affected
Unaffected
HR
95% CI
p
Risk of CRSwNP in relatives of 1638
CRSwNP probands (compared to
8189 controls)
First-degree relatives
13
6,889
15
33,115
4.1
1.8–9.4
<
0.001
Second-degree relatives
10
14,513
15
71,910
3.3
1.5–7.5
0.004
First cousins (third-degree)
14
16,973
44
84,907
1.6
0.9–2.9
0.14
Spouses
0
1,267
7
5,774
0
0
–
Risk of CRSsNP in relatives of 24,200
CRSsNP probands (compared to
121,000 matched controls)
First-degree relatives
2,758
94,691
5,481
459,964
2.4
2.3–2.6
<
1
×
10
−
15
Second-degree relatives
1,305
101,267
7,197
761,101
1.4
1.3–1.4
<
1
×
10
−
15
Third-degree (first cousins)
1,756
132,294
13,812
1,138,399
1.1
1.1–1.2
<
1
×
10
−
7
Spouses
542
18,376
1,282
86,370
2.0
1.8–2.2
<
1
×
10
−
15
*Cases compared to controls matched 5:1 on sex and birth year.
CI
=
confidence interval; CRSsNP
=
chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis; CRSwNP
=
chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis; HR
=
hazard rate ratio from Cox
model.
of these findings is unclear. In 2 prior studies that looked
directly at the heritability of nasal polyposis in their patient
population, 14% to 15% of patients with CRSwNP were
reported to have at least 1 first-degree relative with the same
diagnosis.
5,6
Consistent with these results, we also observed
that CRSwNP demonstrates a high familial relative risk in
1stDRs, at 4.1-fold.
The strengths of our study include the use of a unique ge-
nealogical and research database with extensive data linked
to medical records, making this the largest population study
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, Vol. 5, No. 4, April 2015
74