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Distance scaling (range-scaling factor)

we,

eqs,

eqs,

ρ

= =

r

z

Field size (radius)

depth [cm]

electron density in terms of

electrons/g

Derivation of formalism to convert ionisation in plastic to dose to water

Derivation of depth scaling factor

se,

ref w,

ref w,

ρ

r

z

Valid when mass attenuation coefficient proportional to electron density. i.e mono-energetic beams and

low energy MV beams