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JAN ONDŘEJ – MAGDA UXOVÁ CYIL 7 ȍ2016Ȏ
In the years 2004–2006 the organization used a new shorter name, Al- Qaeda, in
v Iraq; the leadership of the organization was arrested after the American invasion
into Iraq and was interned in the American prison camp Bucca,4 where other radical
supporters joined them. Prisoners established valuable contacts and underwent
training, which helped them to fight for their objective. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, who
acted as leader of Al- Qaeda in Iraq, managed to cause civil war; however, Americans
managed to kill him in 2006. The leadership of the organization was overtaken by
Abu Ayyub al-Masri, who interrupted cooperation with Al- Qaeda and created a new
organization called the Islamic state in Iraq.5 The organization developed and started
to be known as the Islamic state in Iraq and the Levant6 in 2013–2014. The idea of
the creation of a new, purely Islamic entity on the territory of Iraq was discussed.
After obtaining the bigger part of the province of Al Anbar, this became possible, and
on 3 January 2014 the new state called Islamic state was proclaimed. The Islamic law
sharia is used on the territory. Sharia law influences all aspects of daily life. It refers to
politics, banking, trade, contracts, family or social affairs. Sharia is based on Sunna,
which contain quotations of the prophet Mohamed and the Quran, where the rules
given by Allah are contained. It is a complex set of rules given by God to all Muslims,
which they have to observe to reach Heaven after their death – to know, how to live.
It is important to note that sharia is not codified – there is no unified codex of laws.
In principle, the Islamic law sharia applies only to Muslims. Individuals of other
religions (e.g. Christians, Jews) who get into legal arguments with Muslims have to
refer to norms of Islamic law. As to the litigation between two individuals of different
religion, these are left for their own courts of justice and state administration.
Although some countries of the Middle East apply sharia law, they use it only
for some areas of human life. They continue to use systems of secular and religious
courts. These courts decide in areas of social issues and family law. In these countries
the only source of law is sharia; the religious police are active and rigorously check
if all the rules of this “legal system” are observed. On the territory under the Islamic
state control sharia is applied completely and totally influences the way of life in
this formation. The interpretation of sharia law in cases of atheism or conversion of
Muslims into another religion is that this is strictly forbidden and punished. Apostasy
means the possibility of exceptional penalty and can lead to capital punishment. The
crime of apostasy can be committed also by unconventional interpretation of Quran
or other religious texts.
accepts-invasion-had-part-to-play-in-rise-of-Islamic-State.html.
4 Kde se zrodil Islámský stát? V iráckém táboře Američanům před očima. [online]. Praha:
Novinky, 2015 [cit. 2016-05-24]. Accessible at:
-kde-se-zrodil-islamsky-stat-v-irackem-tabore-americanum-pred-ocima.html.
5 ISIS.
6 ISIL.