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SFUD

(Single field uniform dose optimization): intensities of pencil beams of each

beam (number of particles per spot distribution) are optimized individually to deliver

a uniform dose to the target volume and minimize the dose outside

IMPT

(Intensity-modulated particle therapy): intensities of all beams are optimized

simultaneously -> uses pencil beams or spots (from all beams) with individually

optimized weights to balance the dose and dose-volume objectives of normal tissues

Active - Optimization

and target volumes

+

Flexibility

of arbitrarily setting nonuniform intensities of pencil beams of a

sequence of energies of multiple beams incident from different directions

-

Intensities of spots (and dose distribution) per beam can be highly inhomogeneous -

> Higher

sensitivity

to range, set-up and treatment delivery uncertainties