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• Photon beam irradiation using linacs is widely available and a sophisticated, high-
precision treatment technique
• Proton beam therapy (ions) are superior from a physics point of view and very
promising reducing dose to surrounding tissues and possibly allowing for dose
escalation
• Some applications are standard (ocular melanoma, base of skull, children...)
• For most tumor sites, insufficient data are available: treatment within studies and
model-based approach
Take home messages
• Proton beam therapy is more expensive than photon therapy, but cheaper than
numerous systemic therapies given palliatively
• MR-LINAC is a novel treatment technique pushed by physics and industry, the
clinical gain needs to be defined in future studies and applications.
• Randomised control trials are most likely not the way forward defining the niche for
these technologies