31
Reference Materials & Study Aids
Learn quickly with labeled illustrations
on the left—and key facts on the right.
Illustrated Pocket Anatomy Study Guides
•
These popular study guides feature a new look, updated content and improved
organizational features. The durable, folding format means that our most
popular anatomical images are portable for the on-the-go student. Guides show
numbered anatomical structures and contain answers that can be concealed
for easy self-testing and memorization. Write-on/wipe-off laminated surface.
•
Folded size: 9“x 4“ (22.9cm x 10.2cm), unfolded size: 9“x 24 (22.9cm x 70cm).
Individual Study Guides
Muscular and Skeletal Systems, 2nd Edition
978-0-7817-7678-3
Anatomy of the Heart, 2nd Edition
978-0-7817-7681-3
Vertebral Column and Spine Disorders, 2nd Edition
978-0-7817-7682-0
Anatomy of the Brain, 2nd Edition
978-0-7817-7683-75
Spinal Nerves and the Autonomic Nervous System, 2nd Edition
978-0-7817-7684-4
Circulatory System, 2nd Edition
978-0-7817-7685-1
Anatomy and Disorders of the Respiratory System, 2nd Edition
978-0-7817-7686-8
Anatomy and Disorders of the Digestive System, 2nd Edition
978-0-7817-7688-2
Set of 8 Study Guides
PASET8
Breast Anatomy and Disorders not included.
Port-A-Pack Chart Set
See page 27 for details.
Study anywhere, anytimewith these on-the-go guides.
Rapid Review Reference Guide, 3rd Edition
Print Edition: 978-1-60547-102-0
MOBILE Powered by Skyscape, Inc.,
Online Deliverable: 978-1-60831-218-4
The 3rd edition of the
Rapid Review Anatomy Reference Guide
features
3 new sections — lymphatic system, immune system, and foot and ankle.
This study aid continues to be a student favorite not only for its 31 sections
of useful content, but because the labels of each system and organ are printed
on acetate overlay pages, which allows quick and effective memorization.
Designed for high school, college, and healthcare career students, this reference
guide can also be used for patient education.
On the left hand side
of each section you will find key features for
effective studying:
•
Illustrations of the major systems, organs and structures
•
Labels of the system, organ or structure on acetate
overlays for easy self-testing
On the right hand side
of each section you will find useful related information:
•
Additional 4-color illustrations
•
Key facts about the system or organ
•
Location of organ or system highlighted on a human figure
•
Roots of key words and their meanings
•
Related terminology and definitions
+
ALSO AVAILABLE …
RAPID REVIEW
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
16
AdrenalGlands
Pancreas
Ovary
1.
Estrogen
2.
Progesterone
Placental hormones:
(fromuterusduringpregnancy)
1.
Chorionic gonadotropins
2.
Progesterone
3.
Estrogen
4.
Relaxin
Cortex:
1.
Mineralocorticoids
2.
Glucocorticoids
3.
Androgens
4.
Estrogens
Medulla:
1.
Norepinephrine
2.
Epinephrine
Common
bileduct
Pancreaticduct
Juxta-
glomerular
apparatus
Glomerulus
(cross section)
PinealGland
1.
Melatonin
ThymusGland
1.
Thymosin 1
2.
Thymulin
3.
Thymopoietin
4.
Thymic-humoral
factor IGF-1
Microscopic view
Microscopic view
Heart
Cardiacmuscle fibers (from the right atrium):
1.
Atrial natriureticpeptide (ANP)
Testes
Kidney
1.
Prostaglandins
2.
Erythropoietin
3.
Renin
Test yourself on the hormones that are createdby
each structure:
Thyroid and
ParathyroidGlands
Thyroid gland
1.
Triiodothyronine
2.
Thyroxine
3.
Thyrocalcitonin
Inferiorparathyroids
1.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
PituitaryGland andHypothalamus
Anterior lobe:
1.
Growth hormone (GH)
2.
Prolactin
3.
Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH)
4.
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)
5.
Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)
6.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
7.
Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone (MSH)
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract:
1.
Thyrotropic-releasing
hormone (TRH)
2.
Somatotropin hormone (STH)
3.
Corticotropin factor
4.
Prolactin-inhibiting factor
Posterior lobe:
1.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2.
Oxytocin
Hypothalamus
Islet of
Langerhans :
1.
Glucagon
2.
Insulin
3.
Somatostatin
4.
Pancreatic
polypeptide
Microscopic view
Microscopic view
Stomach,Duodenum,
and Jejunum
4.
Cholesystokinen
5.
Enterocrinin
6.
Gastric inhibitorypeptide
Stomach:
1.
Gastrin
2.
Secretin
3.
Motilin
S-cell in duodenal
and jejunal glands:
1.
Secretin
G-cells in pyloric glands:
1.
Gastrin
Seminiferous tubule:
1.
Androgen-binding
protein
2.
A small amount
of estrogen
Leydig cells:
1.
Testosterone
2.
Androsterone
Alphacell
Betacell
Deltacell
RR
• Hormones are either steroids,
polypeptides, glycoproteins, or
derivatives of amino acids.
•Themajor effect of hormones is
to regulate total bodymetabolism,
growth, and reproduction.
•Theadrenal, thyroid,parathyroid,
pituitary, and pineal glands are
exclusively endocrine functioning
glands.
• The stomach, small intestine,
kidney, skin, ovaries, testes, and
brainsecretehormonesof theirown.
• The pancreas is both exocrine
and endocrine
in
function.
It
secretes juices into the pancreatic
duct and insulin and glucagons
into the blood from
Islets of
Langerhans cells.
• For the thyroid hormones, receptor proteins arewithin the nucleus
of the target cell.
•For the steroidhormones, receptorproteinsarewithin the cytoplasm
of the target cell.
• For the amine, polypeptide, and glycoprotein hormones, receptor
proteins are on the outer surface of the target cellmembrane.
Root
Meaning
Example
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
FACTS
17
RAPID REVIEW
LOCATION
ROOTWORDS
TERMINOLOGY
Aden(o)-
Gland
Adenohypophysis
Adren-
Near the kidney
Adrenal gland
Andro-
Man
Androgen
End(o)-
Within, inner
Endocrine gland
Exo-
Out, away from
Exocrine gland
Glyco-
Sweet
Glycoproteins
Hormon-
To excite
Hormones
Hyper-
Excess
Hypersecretion
Hypo-
Below, deficient
Hyposecretion
Oxy-
Quick
Oxytocin
Thym-
Spirit
Thymus gland
Thyro-
A shield
Thyroid gland
Trop-
Turn, change
Tropic hormones
Antagonistic effect:
occurswhen the effect of one hormone
opposes the effect of another on a target organ.
Endocrine gland:
gland that directly secretes hormones
into the bloodwithout the use of ducts.
Exocrine gland:
gland that secretes its product
into an area of the body via ducts.
Hormone:
chemical formed in a gland and transported
via the bloodstream throughout the body.Attaches to specific
receptor proteins to alter function and/or structure of target organs.
Permissive effect:
enhancement of a target organ’s responsiveness
to a hormone from prior exposure to a different hormone.
Prehormone:
chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that has no
potency until converted into an active hormone by target cells.
Prohormone:
precursormoleculewithin an endocrine gland
fromwhich a hormone is formed.
Prostaglandin:
molecule that exerts its effects within the tissues
where it isproduced, insteadof traveling in theblood to influenceother
tissues or organs (as hormones do).
Synergisticeffect:
effectof twoormorehormonesactingonanorgan.
Target cell:
cell that has the proper receptors to reactwith
a specific hormone.
MajorHormone
Primary Effects
Steroids
Mineralocorticoids
Act on the kidneys to regulate sodium and potassium balance.
Glucocorticoids
Regulate themetabolism of blood sugar and other organic
compounds and have a clinical anti-inflammatory effect.
Testosterone
Stimulates the development andmaintenance of themale genitalia,
(androgen)
accessory sex organs, andmale secondary sexual characteristics.
Estradiol - 17ß
Stimulates female secondary sexual characteristics, stimulates long
(estrogen)
bone growth andmaturation, helpsmaintain endometrium during
pregnancy, helps stimulatemammary gland development.
Progesterone
Helpsmaintain endometrium during pregnancy, increases uterine
sensitivity to oxytocin, stimulatesmammary gland development,
suppresses gonadotropin secretion, and inhibits prolactin secretion.
Androsterone
Weakmale hormone.
AminoAcids
Epinephrine&norepinephrine
Increase heart and respiratory rates, dilate coronary blood vessels, increase
alertness, elevatemetabolic rate. (These effects are commonly referred to as
the fight-or-flight response.)
Polypeptides&
Glycoproteins
Thyroxine& Triiodothyronine
Stimulate protein synthesis, promotematuration of the nervous
system, and increase the rate atwhich energy is utilized by the body.
Thyrocalcitonin
Promotes a decrease in blood calcium.
Thyroid-stimulating
Stimulates thyroid to produce and secrete thyroxine.
hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating
Stimulates growth and release of ovarian follicles in females;
hormone (FSH)
inmen, FSH stimulates the production of sperm in the testes.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Stimulates ovulation, then immediately converts the ovarian
follicle into an endocrine gland called the corpus luteum.
Growth hormone (GH)
Stimulates growth in all organs, promotes fatmobilization, and inhibits
blood sugar utilization.
Adrenocorticotropic
Stimulates growth, stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids.
hormone (ACTH)
Prolactin
Stimulates awoman’smammary glands to producemilk after childbirth.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Stimulates the kidneys to retainwater.
Oxytocin
Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and causes themammary
alveoli and ducts to contract,which causes themilk-ejection reflex
during lactation.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Helps increase the level of calcium in the blood (affects the bones,
kidneys, and intestines).
Insulin
Promotes the cellular uptake of blood glucose, therefore lowering the
level of blood glucose.
Glucagon
Raises blood glucose.
Secretin
Stimulates the pancreas to secrete pancreatic juices.
Gastrin
Stimulates the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid and pepsin.
Motilin
Induces powerful contractions in the fundic and antral pouch
regions of the stomach.
Somatostatin
Inhibits the release ofGH from the anterior pituitary.
Gonadotropin
Stimulates follicular development.
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