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Current Wisdom

Preoperative CRT better than postop

Improves Local recurrence but not DFS or OS

If CRM threatened on MRI needs response so

CRT

Low rectal cancers (below the levators) almost

always have threat to CRM

T1/T2N0 mid/upper rectum don’t usually

need RT or CRT unless to avoid radical

surgery

CRT helps preserve sphincters