95%
ICRU-50
planned dose
blurred dose
CTV
2.5Σ
1.64√(σ
2
+σ
p
)-1.64σ
Add random errors
M
PTV
= 2.5Σ + 0.7σ
Gauss(√(σ
+ σ
))
Fluence
Gauss(σ
)
Water: σ
3.2 mm