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The algorithm is based on progressive beam angle sampling to

optimize a large number of apertures using direct aperture

optimization (coarse-to-fine scheme)

starts with a small number of beams and large angular spacing, and

gradually inserts new beam angles to be optimized

Geometric connectivity is facilitated by initializing the shapes of new

apertures with shape interpolation between its neighbors and by

constraining maximum leaf travel near the end of the optimization

process

VMAT

Plan optimization

Otto K et al. Med Phys 2008