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An early interaction between the microbiome and immune system
via multiple routes (skin–gut–lung) could feasibly affect the risk of
a subsequent development of atopic diseases.
We understand that the composition of the fungal community may
be important in AD, yet we do not know how this pattern changes
in flares. Understanding the complex interactions of the human
microbiome will aid the development of novel and more targeted
treatments to modulate the microbiome and influence AD
outcomes. Principles gleaned from the success of faecal
transplantation in the treatment of C. difficile infections may be
translated to AD with organism transplantation used to normalise
the skin or gut of those with, or at high risk of developing AD.