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1. This designation is without prejudice to positions on status,
and is in line with UNSCR 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the
Kosovo Declaration of Independence.
2. Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and FYR Macedonia are
among the top 20 most mountainous countries on Earth,
according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Significant portions of the territory of the other countries in
the region are mountainous.
3. On average, the regional dependency ratio is 66 per cent. For
example, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro receive about 50 per
cent or more of their water resources from transboundary rivers.
4. The contribution of agriculture to GDP ranges from 22 per
cent in Albania to just 4.3 per cent in Croatia. The agricultural
sector employs between 42 per cent of the total population in
Albania and 14 per cent in Croatia (World Bank Open Data:
Agriculture and Rural Development).
5. This indicator is the ratio between the total primary energy
supply (TPES) and the gross domestic product (GDP) for a
given calendar year. It measures the energy consumption of an
economy and its overall energy efficiency. The energy intensity
ratio is determined by dividing TPES by GDP. Since TPES is
measured in toe (Tons of Oil Equivalent) and GDP in US$
1,000, this ratio is measured in toe per US$ 1,000.
6. Defined as “final energy consumption”
7. Bosnia and Herzegovina borders Adriatic Sea with negligible
area (21 kilometres).
8. The majority of key risks were identified during the stakeholder
consultations that took place in July 2015. Other key risks have
been identified from existing literature.
9. Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and
management of flood risks (Text with EEA relevance).
10. Entered into force on 29 December 2004
11. Entered into force on 12 February 1978, revised in Barcelona,
Spain, on June 10 1995 as the Convention for the Protection
of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the
Mediterranean
12. Entered into force on 24 March 2011
13. Action Plan for the Implementation of the ICZM Protocol for
the Mediterranean 2012–2019, 2008
14. Law no. 7501 on the Land, Law no. 8053 on Transfer of
Ownership of Agriculture Land without Compensation,
Law no. 8337 on the Transfer of Agriculture Land, Meadows
and Pastures, Law no. 8752 on the Creation and Function of
Structures on Land Management and Protection and Law no.
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96
iStock/bojabo
iStock/parys
iStock/Jasmina Mihoc
iStock/GoranStimac
Wikimedia Commons/BiH
Wikimedia Commons/Tobias Klenze
iStock/Photodjo
iStock/aniszewski
iStock/Nikola Spasenoski
NASA
iStock/gogelina
Elien Vermeiren
iStock/Aleksandar Milutinovic
iStock/paulprescott72
iStock/SilvereG
iStock/Nebojsa Markovic
NASA
iStock/Dominik Pabis
iStock/Marnel Tomic
Wikimedia Commons/fabulousfabs
iStock/miljko
iStock/Czgur
Wikimedia Commons/Ramirez HUN
Wikimedia Commons/Albinfo
iStock/ollirg
iStock/salajean
iStock/Totajla
iStock/Predrag Vuckovic
iStock/Nebojsa Markovic
iStock/Sasha Radosavljevic
iStock/vm
iStock/Michal Krakowiak
Elien Vermeiren
iStock/djeecee
Elien Vermeiren
iStock/Totajla
Dario Kristic
Notes Photo credits
9244 on Land Protection.
15. Albania, BiH and FYROM – completed four national reports;
Republic of Croatia – two; Kosovo – none; Republic of
Montenegro – one; Republic of Serbia – three
16. (Albania and Serbia – in development stage; BiH, Republic of
Montenegro and FYR Macedonia – in final stage; Republic of
Croatia – unknown; Kosovo – not developed).
17. Information received through the questionnaire from the
Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning of Kosovo
18. There is no Law on Forests in force in FBiH .The Association
of Municipalities and Cities in FBIH requested the
Constitution Court to decide whether the Law on Forests
(Official Gazette of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
no. 20/02) is harmonized with the European Charter of Local
Self-Government. The court identified serious discrepancies
between the law and the charter and ordered necessary
alignments in terms of respecting the rights and vital interests
of local communities. Since such alignments were not realized
on time, the Law on Forests was proclaimed invalid. Although
various institutions have proposed several drafts of a new Law
on Forests, there is as yet no political agreement on this.
19. Kosovo has developed a Strategy and Action Plan for
Biodiversity 2011–2020. See -rks.
net/repository/docs/Strategy_and_Action_Plan_for_
Biodiversity_2011-2020.pdf
20. In 2013, Croatia changed from being a Contracting Party to an
EU Member State.
21. Under the SCR 1244 resolution of the UN Security Council
22. United Nations Environment Program, “Environment
and cultural diversity”
documents/GC23-INF23.pdf November 2004
23. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the entities are practically
independent in implementing agricultural policies.
24. Kosovo has not ratified the CBD but has adopted a NBSAP.