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Uncertainty management: Conventional
IMRT planning with margin
CTV
PTV
Inverse
optimization
Objective functions
Poisson cell kill, EUD,
DVH points, ...
Dose
distribution
90% prob. of
D ≥ 95% D
prescribed
in CTV
M = 2.5
Σ
+0.7
σ
OAR
Witte et al, IJROBP 2007
Bohoslavsky et al IJROBP 2013