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THE HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM
In this referencing system each source of information must be:
shown each time you use it
in the text
of your assignment (the in-text reference)
AND
listed once
in the Bibliography
at the end of your assignment.
THE IN-TEXT REFERENCE
When you cite (identify) references in the text of your assignment you must include:
either the
author’s or editor’s surname (family name)
or the organisation responsible. Do not
include given (Christian) names or initials
the
year of publication
page number/s
if appropriate and where available.
For example:
Up to 30% of school students get insufficient sleep to maintain optimum intellectual functioning.
(Johnston, 2003, p.45)
OR
In his studies of school students Johnston (2003, p.45) found that 30% of school students got
insufficient sleep to maintain optimum intellectual functioning.
OR
“Of the 250 students studied 30% showed tiredness induced impairment when asked to complete the
more complex tasks.”
(Johnston, 2003, p.45)
You need to use In-text Referencing when you:
use a direct quote from an original source.
summarise an idea from a particular page.
copy tables or figures, or provide particular details like a date.