STATE OF THE RAINFOREST 2014
73
United
States
Ukraine
Uruguay
Canada
Paraguay
India
China
Argentina
Brazil
Bolivia
Thailand
Egypt
Tanzania
China
Ghana
Democratic
Republic
of the
Congo
India
Ethiopia
Nigeria
Brazil
7 000
3 500
2 000
1 000
Production, thousand tonnes
Production, thousand tonnes
Soy
Wood
charcoal
82 000
20 000
10 000
2 400
Source: Faostat, accessed July 2014; all data refers to 2012
of deforestation. In general, rainforest areas are rich in minerals
and hydrocarbon resources. Mining and drilling operations lead to
both deforestation and land conflicts in many parts of the world,
Indonesia and Peru being two important examples.
Finally, unclear tenure hampers sustainable management of forest
areas in many tropical countries. Weak or unclear property and access
rights increases conflicts over land, and indigenous peoples with
customary rights often lose in situations where there are competing land
claims or illegal land grabs.
8
In some weak states, such as Papua New
Guinea, the state frequently awards logging or plantation concessions
to commercial operators without the prior consent or consultation of
affected local populations. Weak governments, widespread corruption
and low transparency are common in many tropical forest countries.
