STATE OF THE RAINFOREST 2014
83
Illegal cutting
Milling
Transport
Exporting
Exporting
Smuggling
Cutting
Re-importing
Country
A
Country
B
Protected
area
Plantation
Concession
Getting "permits"
through bribes
Fake documents
certifying production from
plantations
Getting "cross
border permits"
through bribes
Cutting down in and
around palm oil
plantations
Cutting down in and
around palm oil
plantations
Underreporting actual
capacity and
production in mills with
a modest legal
production
Hacking to obtain
false road transport
or logging permits
Cutting beyond
concessions
Cutting wider
along road
corridors
Mixing illegal timber
with legal local
timber
Processing roundwood into
paper, chips or paper before
exporting, making traceability
very difficult or impossible
Illegal logging and log laundering
Source: UNEP, INTERPOL, Green Carbon, Black Trade: Illegal Logging,
Tax Fraud and Laundering in the Worlds Tropical Forests, 2013;
Personal communication with Dr. Christian Nelleman, GRID-Arendal
Legal operation
Laundering operation
Illegal operation
