STATE OF THE RAINFOREST 2014
87
com/2013/1114-global-forest-map.html
14. Ibid.
15. This includes all tree cover, including plantations. See Margono et al 2014
for figures for natural forest.
16. FRA 2010
17. FAO & JRC. 2012.
18. Ghazoul, Jaboury and Douglas Sheil 2010
19. Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname,
Venezuela + the territory of French Guyana.
20. FAO 2011
21. FAO 2010
22. RAISG 2012
23. The government of Indonesia is currently working to improve forest
monitoring, supported by Norway’s climate and forest initiative.
24. FRA 2010
25.
26. Lund, H.G. 2009. Cited in FAO 2011 (p 1).Resources Assessment Working
Paper 177ResossessmentWorkingPaper
27. Thompson et al 2013.
28. FAO 2002.
29. Simula, M., 2009.
30. Simula, M., and Mansur, E., 2011.
31. Hosonuma et al. 2012.
32. Gerwing 2002.
33. FAO, UNEP and UNFF 2009.
34. Union of Concerned Scientists 2011.
35. Ibid.
36. Gerwing 2002.
37. Simula, M et al. 2011.
38. FAO et al 2009 (p. 11).
39. Ghazoul, Jaboury and Douglas Sheil 2010.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. I.e. Hansen et al. 2013 and the Global Forest Watch project (www.
globalforestwatch.org).
43. Romijn, E., J. H. Ainembabazi, A. Wijaya, M. Herold, A. Angelsen, L Verchot,
D Murdiyarso. 2013.
44. Hansen, M. C. et al. 2013
45. Ibid.
46. See Margono et al. 2014 for Indonesia
47. Ibid.
48. Ciais, P., C. Sabine, et al. 2013. Cited in Stocker et al. 2013.
49. Angelsen, A., and McNeill, D. 2012.
50. Stern, N. (Ed.) 2007.
51. The Forest Investment Program (FIP) supports REDD+ work in eight
countries, while the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) includes 44
developing-country participants in its two funding streams (the Readiness Fund
and the Carbon Fund). See
_
Investment_Program and
/
52. See NICFI’s official webpage,
kampanjer/the-governments-climate-and-tree-project.html?id=733947
53. For a broad evaluation of the results of the NICFI initiative, see Norad 2014.
54. Almås, O., Anselmo, L. et al. 2014.
55. Streck et al. 2012.
56. For a fuller discussion of some of these trends, see Angelsen and McNeill,
‘The evolution of REDD+.’
57. Streck, C. and Parker, C., 2012. Cited in Angelsen, A et al. (eds.) 2012.
58. The most notable exception being Brazil: the government of Norway is paying
Brazil, through its Amazon Fund, for results obtained in reducing deforestation
emissions from the Amazon, based on USD 5 per tonne of reduced CO2
emissions. (Payments from Norway have not exceeded NOK 1 billion per year,
though, although Brazilian emissions reductions have “entitled” Brazil to receive
substantially larger contributions from the international community).
59. Karsenty, A. and Ongolo, S. 2011.
60. R-SWG 2013.
61. FERN and FPP 2014.
3. People who protect forests
1. RAISG 2012a: 5,36 million km2 (2000), FAO 2011: 5,86 million km2 ‘dense
humid forest’
2. INPE 2014 (
)
3. CIFOR:
deforestation-in-peru-continues#.Us7YZ7Cx7cs and Mongabay:
mongabay.com/2013/0613-peru-deforestation-tracking-system.html
4. Not included for lack of comparable data covering the whole region; see
RAISG 2012a pp. 6, 14-15.
5. RAISG 2012a
)
6. GEO Amazonia
7. UNEP 1013 (GEO 5)
8. Ibid
9. UNEP and ACTO 2009
10. RAISG 2012b
english.pdf
11. Aikhenvald 2012
12. RAISG 2012b
13. RFN 2014
14. Ibid.
15. Stevens et al. 2014
16. Deforestation Brazil: Imazon 2011; other countries: RAISG 2012c
-
deforestation%5Bing%5D.pdf
17. FAO 2011, Table 5, p. 62
18. CIFOR, 09 January 2014 The economic and political conditions in Peru
favour an increase in deforestation, despite the country having set a target of
zero net deforestation by 2021, a new study shows.
More:
-
in-peru-continues#.Us7YZ7Cx7cs
19. Stevens et al. 2014
20. RAISG 2012a, p. 59; Stevens et al. 2014 p. 4
21. Little 2014
22. Barber et al. 2014
23. UNEP and ACTO 2009
24. Victorine Che Thöner 2014
/
long-awaited-decree-granting-forest-concessions-to-local-communities-finally-
signed-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo.
25.
indigenous-rights-in-the-drc/
26. de Wasseige C. et al. 2012.
27. ibid.
28. Congo Basin - State of the forest 2010
29. FAO 2011
30. Ibid.
31. Mayaux P et al. 2013
32. “Region” defined as Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, CAR, DRCR,
Gabon, Eq.Guinea, Rwanda and Sao Tome & Principe, with in total 3 mill km2
rainforest and other tropical forest within their borders.
33. A study by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, reporting
gross deforestation in the rainforest of Central Africa as low as 0.11 percent
annually. See Mayaux et al. 2013.
34. Megevand, Carole. 2013.
35.
/
36. Hansen 2013
37. Megevand 2013
38. Mayaux et al. 2013
39. ibid
40. FAO 2011
41. Megevand 2013
42. Increasing dforestation is also supported by Bayol N, et al. 2012
43. FAO 2011
44.
/
45. Nepstad et al 2006
46.
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