Cover Imaging for Physicists

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• Spin transition probability is equal for

up

→

down

and

down

→

up

• How can a net energy absorption be observed?

• Distribution of spins follows Boltzmann:

• Difference increases with B

kTB

kT E

e

e

N

N

pot

/

/

γ



−

∆−

↑

↓

=

=