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Summary 1

• Many reasons exists for artifacts in images

– Erroneous sampling of k-space

• Aliasing

• Ringing

– Magnetic field errors

• Gradient artifacts

• Susceptibility artifacts

• Water-fat shift

• Geometrical artifacts show up in a particular direction

– Phase encoding direction: aliasing

– Read-out direction: susceptibility, water-fat shift

• Dephasing results in signal loss in gradient echo sequences