117 / 232
related
to
this
type of procedure nor did
they use
AP
cephalometry
transverse measurements. Only
one
other
study was
found
using
CT
tomography with
the
aim of
comparing
facial
growth between
8
children
who
had
unilateral
surgical
treatment
including
the
external
approach,
ESS
and
the
combined
approach
for
orbital
complications
(mainly,
but
not
only
SPOA)
to
19
adults with
or
without
sinusitis
[1]
.
In
another
study
by
Van
Peteghem
et
al.,
lateral
cephalometric
measurements
were
reported
for
a
very
specific
group
of
cystic
fibrosis
children
having
extensive
functional
endoscopic
sinus
surgery,
reporting
no
statistically
significant differences between different age groups
[15]
. However,
AP
cephalometry
was
not
performed
and
all
patients
have
had
bilateral
surgery.
In
our
study,
only minimal
changes
in
facial
volume measure-
ments were
found,
confirming
the
clinical
impression
that
ESS
in
the
pediatric
population
is
safe.
Our
study
design
has
contributed
substantially
to
our
conclu-
sion
in
several ways.
First of
all, only one
side was operated upon,
saving
the
other
side
to
serve
as
a
control
group
in
the
same
patient. Second, all patients had comparable significant endoscopic
surgery
in which
the ethmoid cells and
the
lamina papyracea were
resected
extensively. Needless
to
say,
such
an
extensive
uniform
procedure
is
not
common
in
the
pediatric
population.
Third,
all
procedures were
performed
by
the
same
surgeon,
and
last
of
all,
the cephalometric
imaging provides
the major advantage of better
enabling
evaluation
of
facial measurements.
The study had
limitations, and
the
results should be
interpreted
with
caution. The
sample
size was
small,
cephalometric measure-
ments are prone
to errors
(due
to
the
technique and measurement
process),
and
lastly,
the
children were of different
ages
at
surgery,
and
as
a
consequence
different
ages
at
the
time
of
cephalometry
and
evaluation
of measurements.
5. Conclusions
In
the
present
study
sample,
no
significant
differences
were
found
in
craniofacial
growth
between
the
sides
of
the
face
in
children.
These
children went
through
ESS
for
the
same medical
indication
on
one
side
of
the
face,
and
this
side was
compared
to
the
other
non-operable
side, with measurements
using
anterior-
posterior
cephalometry.
References
[1]
B. Senior, A. Wirtschafter, C. Mai, C. Becker, W. Belenky, Quantitative impact of pediatric sinus surgery on facial growth, Laryngoscope 110 (11) (2000) 1866– 1870.
[2]
G. Wolf, K. Greistorfer, J.A. Jebeles, The endoscopic endonasal technique in the treatment of chronic recurring sinusitis, Rhinology 33 (Jun (2)) (1995) 97–103.[3]
M.R. Bothwell, J.F. Piccirillo, R.P. Lusk, B.D. Ridenour, Long-term outcome of facial growth after functional endoscopic sinus surgery, Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 126 (6) (2002) 628–634.[4]
E.A. Mair, W.E. Bolger, E.A. Breisch, Sinus and facial growth after pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery, Arch Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 121 (1995) 547–552.
[5]
G. Wolf, W. Anderhuber, F. Kuhn, The development of the paranasal sinus in children: implications for paranasal sinus surgery, Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 102 (1993) 70.[6]
L.G. Farkas, Craniofacial Examination in Medicine Anthropometric Measurement, Raven Press, New York, NY, 1994.
[7]
R.P. Lusk, H.R. Muntz, Endoscopic sinus surgery in children with chronic sinusitis: a pilot study, Laryngoscope 100 (1990) 654–658.[8]
C.W. Gross, M.J. Gurucharri, R.H. Lazar, T.E. Long, Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in the pediatric age group, Laryngoscope 99 (3) (1989) 272–275.
[9]
K.M. Carpenter, S.M. Graham, R.J. Smith, Facial skeletal growth after endoscopic sinus surgery in the piglet model, Am J Rhinol 11 (1997) 211–217.[10]
E.A. Mair, W.E. Bolger, E.A. Breisch, Sinus and facial growth after pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery, Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 121 (1995) 547–552.[11]
J.R. Kosko, B.E. Hall, D.E. Tunkel, Acquired maxillary sinus hypoplasia: a conse- quence of endoscopic sinus surgery, Laryngoscope 106 (1996) 1210–1213.
[12]
V.J. Lund, D.J. Howard, W.I. Wei, A.D. Cheesman, Craniofacial resection for tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses—a 17 year experience, Head Neck 20 (1999) 97–105.
[13]
A. Van Peteghem, P.A. Clement, Influence of extensive functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) on facial growth in children with cystic fibrosis. Comparison of 10 cephalometric parameters of the midface for three study groups, Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 70 (2006) 1407–1413.
[14]
E. Eviatar, T. Lazarovitch, H. Gavriel, The correlation of microbiology growth between subperiosteal orbital abscess and affected sinuses in young children, Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy 26 (Nov–Dec (6)) (2012) 489–492.
[15]
A. Van Peteghem, P.A. Clement, Influence of extensive functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) on facial growth in children with cystic fibrosis. Comparison of 10 cephalometric parameters of the midface for three study groups, Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 70 (8) (2006) 1407–1413.
L.
Sagi
et
al.
/
International
Journal
of
Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
79
(2015)
690–693
95