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Technology gap analysis
visibility, cloudiness, atmospheric phenomena, soil
temperature on surfaces and in different depths,
ambient air temperature and humidity, atmospheric
pressure, wind direction and velocity, precipitation,
and sunshine duration) at 47 stations; among those,
forty stations and two observation points carry out
agro-meteorological observations (MoNP 2015).
In Azerbaijan, meteorological, agrometeorological,
hydrological and oceanographic observations
are conducted by the National Hydrometeorology
Department of theMoENR. Environmental pollution
observation (soil, water and air) is conducted by the
National Monitoring Department of the MoENR.
In Georgia, the Hydro-meteorological Department
(under the National Environmental Agency of
MoENRP) collects and monitors information
from twenty-one weather and ninety-five hydro-
meteorological posts, among which thirty are
automated stations (MoENRP 2015).
However, the Third National Communications do not
evaluate in detail the efficiency of existing territorial
expansion of the networks of hydro-meteorological,
water or other monitoring/observation stations
and posts. The Armenian Third National
Communication states that at a horizontal elevation of
2,500–3,000 m there are no observation stations;
the National Communication for Georgia states that
predictions made on Svaneti glaciers are made based
on number of assumptions (MoENRP 2015); in the
Second National Communication of Azerbaijan there
are clear gaps in both monthly and yearly databases
(MoENR 2010).
The Technology Needs Assessments of Georgia and
Azerbaijan (UNFCCC 2015), for 2012 and 2013,
refer to insufficient monitoring/observation and the
lack of historical data needed for accurate forecasts
and projections for almost all identified sectors, such
as energy, tourism, natural disasters, agriculture,
forestry, water etc.
Systematic climate observation and
modelling
All the Third National Communication reports describe
existing monitoring/observation data for climate
exposures, such as changes of temperature, participation,
humidity, evaporation, etc. within the countries.
The Armenian Hydromet Service is carrying out standard
full-scale hydro-meteorological observations (horizontal
Armenian highlands