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2

ITV and PTV

ITV: Internal variations

Position, size and shape of CTV

Tumour shrinkage

Organ movement

Organ deformation

PTV: External variations

Beam positioning

Patient set-up (e.g. uncertainties when setting up

according to skin marks)

If no considerable internal variations are present

Expansion may be performed directly from CTV

to PTV

ITV and PTV margins are not directly “additive”