C h a p t e r 1 0
Disorders of Nutritional Status
239
4. Chou FS, Wang PS, Kulp S, et al. Effects of thiazolidinediones
on differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.
Mol Cancer Res.
2007;5(6):523–530.
5. Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD.
Dietary Reference Intakes: The
Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements
. Washington, DC:
National Academy Press; 2006.
6. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Food and Nutrition Center.
Available at:
php?info_center=4&tax_level=3&tax_subject=256&topic_
id=1342&level3_id=5140. Accessed September 6, 2013.
7. Trumbo P, Schlicker S, Yates AA, et al. Dietary reference
intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids,
cholesterol, protein, and amino acids.
J Am Diet Assoc.
2002;102:1621–1630.
8. National Institutes of Health Expert Panel.
Third Report of the
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on
Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol
in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
. NIH publication no.
02–5215. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2002.
9. Lichtenstein AL, Apple LJ, Brandis M, et al. AHA scientific
statement. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a
scientific statement from AHA Nutrition Committee.
Circulation.
2006;114:82–96.
10. Murphy KG, Bloom SR. Gut hormones and the regulation of
energy homeostasis.
Nature.
2006;444:854–859.
11. Chaudhri OB, Salem V, Murphy KG, et al. Gastrointestinal
satiety signals.
Annu Rev Physiol.
2008;70:239–255.
12. Han TS, Sattar N, Lean M. Assessment of obesity and its clinical
implications.
BMJ.
2006;333:695–698.
13. Pi-Sunyer FX, Dietz WH, Becker DM, et al.; for the NHLBI
Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel on the Identification,
Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults.
Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and
Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults
. 1998. NIH
Publication No. 98–4083. Available at:
guidelines/obesity/ob_gdlns.pdf
14. Abernathy RP, Black DR. Healthy body weight: an alternative
perspective.
Am J Clin Nutr.
1996;63(suppl):448S–451S.
15. Eckel R, Grundy S, Zimmet P. Metabolic syndrome.
Lancet.
2005;365:1415–1428.
16. Scott M, Grundy JI, Cleeman SR, et al. Diagnosis and
management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart
Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific
statement.
Circulation.
2005;112:2735–2752.
17. Hossain P, Kawar B, El Nahas M. Obesity and diabetes in
the developing world—a growing challenge.
N Engl J Med.
2007;356:213–215.
18. Bray GA. Obesity: the disease.
J Med Chem.
2006;49:4001–4007.
19. Hellerstein MK, Parks EJ. Obesity and overweight. In: Gardner
DG, Shoback D, eds.
Greenspan’s Basic Endocrinology
. 8th ed.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2007:796–808.
20. Soreneson TJ, Holst C, Stunkard AJ, et al. Correlations of body
mass index of adult adoptees and their biological and adoptive
relatives.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord.
1992;16:227–236.
21. McCarthy M. Genomics, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.
N Engl
J Med.
2010;363:2339–2350.
22. Bray GB. Potential health risks from beverages containing
fructose found in sugar or high-fructose corn syrup.
Diabetes
Care.
2013;36:11–12.
23. Young LR, Nestle M. The contribution of expanding
portion sizes to U.S. obesity epidemic.
Am J Public Health.
2002;92:246–249.
24. Kershaw EE, Flier JS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2004;89:2548–2556.
25. Ahima R. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ.
Obesity.
2006;14:242S–248S.
26. Tilg H, Moschen AR. Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose
tissue, inflammation and immunity.
Nature.
2006;5:772–782.
27. Greenberg AS, Obin MS. Obesity and the role of adipose
tissue in inflammation and metabolism.
Am J Clin Nutr.
2006;83(suppl):461S–465S.
28. Klein S, Allison DB, Heymsfield SB, et al. Waist circumference
and cardiometabolic risk: a consensus statement from Shaping
America’s Health: Association for Weight Management and
Obesity Prevention; NAASO, The Obesity Society; the American
Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes Association.
Am J Clin Nutr.
2007;85:1197–1202.
29. Task Force on Prevention and Treatment of Obesity.
Towards prevention of obesity: research directives.
Obes Res.
1994;2:571.
30. Avenell A, Sattar N, Lean M. Management: part 1–behaviour
change, diet, and activity.
BMJ.
2006;333:740–743.
31. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
The Practical
Guide: Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight
and Obesity in Adults
. NIH publication no. 00–4084. Rockville,
MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National
Institute of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute;
North American Association of the Study of Obesity; 2000.
32. Dalsinger ML, Gleason JA, Griffith JL, et al. Comparison of the
Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss
and heart disease reduction.
JAMA.
2005;293:43–53.
33. Jakicic JM, Marcus BH, Gallagher KI, et al. Effect of exercise
duration and intensity on weight loss in overweight, sedentary
women: a randomized trial.
JAMA.
2003;290:1323–1330.
34. Wolfe BM, Purnell JQ, Belle SH. Treating diabetes with surgery.
JAMA.
2013;309:2274–2275.
35. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, et al. Prevalence of high
body mass index in U.S. children and adolescents, 2007–2008.
JAMA.
2010;303(3):242–249.
36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Childhood
Overweight and Obesity
. 2007. Available at:
.
gov/NCCDPHP/DNPA/obesity/childhood/index.htm. Accessed
September 6, 2013.
37. Expert Committee Recommendations on the Assessment,
Prevention, and Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight
and Obesity. 2007. Available at:
/
pub/upload/mm/433/ped_obesity_recs.pdf. Accessed September
6, 2013.
38. Fagot-Campagna A, Pettitt DJ, Engelgau NM, et al. Type 2
diabetes among North American children and adolescents: an
epidemiologic review and a public health perspective.
J Pediatr.
2000;136:664–672.
39. Lakslakshmi L, Elks CE, Ong KK. Childhood obesity.
Circulation.
2012;126(14):1770–1779.
40. Müller O, Krawinkel M. Malnutrition and health in developing
countries.
CMAJ.
2005;173(3):279–286.
41. Judge BS, Eisenga BH. Disorders of fuel metabolism: medical
complications associated with starvation, eating disorders,
dietary fads, and supplements.
Emerg Med Clin North Am.
2005;23:789–813.
42. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, et al., eds.
Robbins and Cotran
Pathologic Basis of Disease
. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders
Elsevier; 2010:438–443.
43. Strayer DS, Rubin E. Environmental and nutritional
pathology. In: Rubin R, Strayer DE, eds.
Rubin’s Pathology:
Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine
. 6th ed. Philadelphia,
PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
2012:319–320.
44. Baron RB. Nutritional disorders. In: McPhee SJ, Papadakis MA,
eds.
Current Diagnosis and Treatment
. 52nd ed. New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill; 2013:1252–1263.
45. Tisdale MJ. Wasting in cancer.
J Nutr.
1999;129(IS
suppl):43S–46S.
