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Table 3: Probable timescale and effects of impacts of conservation measures on illegal logging.
Responses
International law enforce-
ment
Domestic law enforcement
Amend national laws and
regulations to strengthen
law enforcement efforts
Logging moratorium
Log export ban
Reduce demand
Reduce supply of illegal
timber
Strengthen governance
Short term
Moderate
High
Low
Moderate
Low –
moderate
Low
Low
Low
Probable effects
Long term
High
High
Moderate/
high
Moderate
– high
Moderate
Moderate/
high
High
Moderate
Conditions, forces
Potentially highly effective, but
politically, legally, institutionally
and economically very demand-
ing
Highly and directly effective if
implemented efficiently and
extensively in threatened areas.
May increase violence, but can
result in increased deterrence of
future illegal activities
Lack of common jurisdiction
and sanctions across adminis-
trative borders hinders effective
national law enforcement efforts
Can effectively curb legal and
partly, illegal logging if suffi-
cient surveillance is present
Smuggling will still prevail, cor-
ruption hinders effective control
in most places
Impossible to achieve in short
time due to market mechanisms.
Questionable at large scale even in
the long run due to the diversity
and elusiveness in corporate struc-
ture and market mechanisms
Very difficult or impossible
to achieve in the short term.
Highly effective in the long run
if supply can be controlled
Requires institutional change
to break link between conflict
timber and corruption
Recommended actions
Laws in consumer countries against
imports of illegally harvested timber.
Embargos, trade control
International agreements on law en-
forcement and prosecution
International surveillance and reporting
on crimes
Specialized enforcement units
Arming and paramilitary training of suf-
ficient numbers of rangers under a sepa-
rate command, extensive collaboration
with police, Army and Navy and interna-
tional experts and sufficient equipment
Update and harmonize regulations
across administrative borders, facilitate
investigation and prosecution
Implement moratoriums in highly
impacted areas, secure regional political
and institutional support
Task force to control ports and transpor-
tation corridors
Laws in consumer countries against
imports of illegally harvested timber,
national compliance with FSC in major
consumer countries
Implement systems of chain-of-custody to
eliminate illegal wood from supply chain
Compliance with FSC
Minimize and control corruption
Enhance fair law enforcement
Resolve property conflicts