2015 Anatomical Chart Company Catalog

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Clearly explain anatomy and sports injuries to your patients
for better prevention and quicker return to play.
Anatomical Visual Guide to Sports Injuries
This highly visual guide is sensibly organized by body region
and displays the basic layers of anatomy, movement, and common
sports injuries in adults and children. A BONUS CD-ROM lets
you easily print 55 patient teaching handouts that show clear,
anatomically correct images along with sports injury explanations.
978-0-7817-7361-4 ............................................................................................
6669 Anatomy and Injuries of the Spine
978-0-7817-8667-6 Laminated..................................
978-0-7817-8666-9 Paper..........................................
6706 Anatomy and Injuries of the Head and Neck
978-0-7817-8671-3 Laminated..................................
978-0-7817-8670-6 Paper..........................................
9872 Knee Injuries
978-1-58779-757-6 Laminated..................................
978-1-58779-696-8 Styrene Plastic...........................
978-1-58779-756-9 Paper..........................................
Anatomy & World’s Best Anatomical Charts
978-1-46988-990-0..........................................................................................
Brand-new chart! New edition —
44 new and updated charts!
Understanding Diabetes 3rd Edition
978-1-4698-9492-8 Laminated..................................
978-1-4698-9489-8 Paper..........................................
What is Diabetes?
UNDERSTANDING DIABETES
Normalbeta cells
secrete insulinwhichdrives
glucose intomuscle, liver and fatcellsmaintainingblood sugar
levels in thenormal range
Diabeticbeta cells
Duringpre-diabetes,up to 80% of
beta cell function is lost, insulin
levelsdrop,glucose levels rise
while fasting and after eating.
WhatHappens inDiabetes
Diabetesmellitusordiabetes isagroupofdiseases thataffect thebody’s cellsability to convertanduse sugar
(glucose) from food for energy. The result is toomuch sugar (glucose) in the blood.Hyperglycemia (high
blood sugar) candamageorgans suchas the eyes,kidneys,nerves,heartandbloodvessels, increasing riskof
stroke andheart attacks.
Patients with hypertension, high cholesterol, heart disease, a family history of diabetes, those who are
overweight orHispanic orAfricanAmerican should be screened for diabetes beginning at age 45. Early
diagnosis can slow theprogression of thedisease and lessen the risk of long term complications.
Blood tests areused todiagnosediabetes.Alldiabetesblood tests involvedrawingblood and sending it to a
lab for analysis.Yourhealth careprovidermayperform the following to test fordiabetes:
•A1C blood testshows the average blood glucose levels over the past 3months, and is reported as a
percentage, the higher the percentage, the higher your blood glucose levels have been.AnA1C test of
greater than 6.5% is considered abnormal.
•Fastingplasmaglucose test measuresbloodglucoseafter fasting forat least8hours.Fastingglucose levels
above 126mg/dLare considered abnormal.
• 2-HourOralGlucose testmeasuresbloodglucose levelsbefore and 2hours afterdrinking a special sweet
liquid. 2-hourpostmealglucose levelsgreater than 200mg/dLare considered abnormal.
Type 1DiabetesMellitus (T1DM)Peoplewith T1DM do not produce insulin because their immune system (the body’s
system for fighting infection)attacksanddestroys the insulin-producingbetacells in thepancreas, leaving littleorno insulin.Without
insulin, sugarbuildsup in theblood instead ofbeing transferred to the cells.
The cause of T1DM is not known but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors (exposure to certain
viruses).T1DM accounts for about 5% ofdiagnoseddiabetes in theUnited States. It can appear at any age, butdevelopsmost often
in children andyoung adults.
Type 2DiabetesMellitus (T2DM)iswhen thepancreasdoesnotproduce enough insulin, or the body cannotuse insulin
properly (a condition called insulin resistance).T2DM is themost common formofdiabetesandgeneticsand environmental triggers
mayplayapart in itsdevelopment.The following factorsplayan important role in causinghighblood sugarand insulin resistance
in individualsgeneticallyprone to type 2diabetes:
•Beta cells in thepancreas slowly stopproducing insulin.
•Alpha cells in thepancreasproduce toomuchofahormone calledglucagon that stimulates the liver tomake sugarwhich thebody
can’tuse and it’s released into theblood.
•The liver fails to store sugar as an energy source.
•Thekidney overproducesglucose and INCREASES absorption ofglucose into theblood.
•Low insulin levels cause the fat cells tobreakdown and release “free fatty acids” (FFAs).FFAs cause the liver tomakemore sugar,
destroy the insulinproducingbeta cells in thepancreas andblock themuscles fromusingglucose for energy.
•Muscle cells areunable to absorb anduseglucose for energy.Unusedglucose stays in theblood, increasing sugar levels.
•Eating releaseshormones that tell thepancreas toproduce/release insulin,prevent the liver frommaking sugar, slow thepassage
of food thru the stomach and send the brain amessage to “feel full”. In T2DM, these hormones are impaired resulting inweight
gain and reduced insulin levels.
•As onegainsweight, appetite is increased causingmoreweightgain and adding to insulin resistance.
Pre-diabetesiswhen the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but is still low
enoughnot tobe considereddiabetes.92millionAmericanshaveprediabeteswhich
isdefined ashaving fasting blood sugars levels of 100-125mg/dL, 2-hourpostmeal blood sugars levels of 140-199mg/dL or anA1C of 5.7-6.4%. People
withprediabetesareathigh risk for somediabetes related complications,
especially heart disease. Weight loss and exercise can reverseprediabetes. 11% of patients with prediabetes convert to clinical
diabetes eachyear.
Gestationaldiabetesisacondition thatwomencangetwhen
they are pregnant. The exact cause is unknown but it is believed
that pregnancy hormones make your cells more resistant to
insulin resulting inhighblood sugar.Gestationaldiabetesusually
disappears after thebaby isborn,butwomenwhohavehad it are
athigher risk ofdevelopingT2DM later.
Types of Diabetes
Patients with type 1 diabetes usually report rapidly developing
symptoms.With type 2 diabetes, symptoms usually develop gradually
andmaynot appearuntilmanyyears after the onset of thedisease.
•Weight loss evenwhen eatingproperly
•Frequenturination
•Excessive thirst
•Extremehunger
•Fatigue
•Blurredvision
•Dry, itchy skin
•More infections thanusual
•Numbness in feet and/orhands
• Slow-healing cuts or sores
•No symptoms
Symptoms ofDiabetes
Risk factors
5 Tips for Successful Diabetes Self-Management
1
Pancreas
Liver
Kidney Pancreas
Heart
Large intestine
Small intestine
Insulin acts as a “key” to open adoor in the cell that letsglucose enter,where itwillbe converted to energy. Cellsdevelop a resistance to insulin, the insulindoesnotwork
correctly ornot enough insulin ismadeby thepancreas.Cellsdonot
get the fuel theyneed for energy and sugarbuildsup in theblood.
Celldoor is closed,
glucose isnot able
to enter andmoves
into theblood
Insulin cannot
attach to cell
Energy-deprived
cell
Glucose converted to
energy
DiabeticBodyCell NormalBodyCell
Glucose
from food
Cell "door" is opened
allowingglucose (sugar)
to enter the cell
Insulin attaches to cell and
opens a "door" allowing
glucose to enter
Increasedblood sugar
(glucose) level
Glucosemoves
into theblood
Insulin
Food isbrokendown intoglucose.Glucose
is a form of sugar in theblood and is the
main source of energy for thebody.
Glucoseneeds thehelp of ahormone
called insulinto enter the cells.
Ahormone is a chemical substancemade
inonepartof thebodywhich travels to
otherpartsof thebody tohelp cells
andorgansdo their jobs.
Insulinismadeby special cells in
thepancreas calledbeta cells.
Insulinmakes itpossible for
glucose toenter the cells.The
insulinopensadoor in the cell
thatallowsglucose toenter.
2
3
Indiabetes,yourpancreas
doesn'tmake enough insulin,
oryour cellsdon’t respond
properly to the insulin
produced,ora combination
ofboth.
4
Without thehelp of insulin,
glucosebuildsup inyourblood
causingyourblood
sugar levels to rise.
5
Knowyourmetabolicsugar levels
(A1C),bloodpressure,
and cholesterol.
Insulin frompancreas
attaches to cell
1 Takeyourmedication
asprescribed. 4 Followup frequently
withhealth careproviders
who areknowledgeable
aboutdiabetes.
5
Stop smoking. 3
Practice living ahealthy
lifestyle: exercise, lose
weight ifoverweight, and
makehealthy food choices.
2
Lung
Brain
Redblood cells
Developed in consultationwith JeffUngerMD,ABFM,FACE.
© 2015
Type 2Diabetes andPrediabetes
•Overweight or obesity
•Physical inactivity/lack of exercise
•Familyhistory ofdiabetes
•Certain racial and ethnicgroups (African
Americans,Hispanic/LatinoAmericans,Asian
Americans,Pacific Islanders,NativeAmericans
andAlaskaNatives)
•Older age –but onset is increasingdramatically
among children,adolescentsandyoungeradults
•History ofgestationaldiabetes ordelivery
of ababyweighing 9pounds ormore atbirth
•Highbloodpressure, lowHDL (good)
cholesterol and/orhigh triglyceride levels
•Polycysticovary syndrome
Type 1Diabetes
•Parent or siblingwhohasT1DM
•Environmental factors (exposure toavirusor toxin)
•Race –T1DM ismore common inwhites than inother races
•Geography - certain countries, such asFinland and
Sweden,havehigher rates ofT1DM
Diabetes inYouth
Diabetes isoneof themost common chronicdiseases in children
and adolescents.About 1 in 400 people younger than 20 years
have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.Although type 1 diabetes ismore
prevalentamongchildrennationwide, type2diabetes isbecomingmore
common inU.S.kidsand teens,especially if theyareoverweight.There is
noknownway toprevent type1diabetes,but, expertsagree thathealthy
eatingandanactive lifestyle canhelp toprevent type2diabetes inyouth.
DiabetesManagement
Peoplewith type 1 diabetes require insulin tomanage their diabetes.
Insulinpensand insulinpumpsare safe, effectiveandaccurateways to
take insulin.Treatment for type 1diabetes is a lifelong commitment to
blood sugarmonitoring, taking insulin, healthy eating, exercise and
regularvisits toyourhealth careprovider.
Type 2Diabetesmaybe treatedwith avarietyofdifferent anti-diabetic
medications determined by blood sugar levels and symptoms.
Patientsmay also be prescribedmedicine to control cholesterol and
bloodpressure.
Peoplewithdiabetes canprevent ordelayproblems by keeping blood
sugar levels as close tonormal aspossible,keepingbloodpressure and
cholesterol under control and by getting regular medical care.
Although diabetes is a common disease, every individual needs
personalized care.Consultingwithadiabeteshealthcare teamwillhelp
you tomaintain the correct balance betweenmedication, blood sugar
monitoring,diet, and exercise.
A.