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Prognostic factors –

Lymph nodes metastasis

indicate poor prognosis

Risk to develop nodal mets: T1b: 20%

Extensive interconnecting lymphatic channels

High risk of skip areas (high risk of local recurrence)

Drain into lymph nodes: paraoesophageal, paratraechael, dorsal mediastinum, lung

hilum, inferior thyroid artery, left gastric artery (celiac axis), paraesophageal in the neck.

Institute of Pathology | Alexander Quaas

Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC)

Biggest problem in oesophageal carcinoma:

- Often: locally advanced tumors (85% in T2 or more)

- Metastasizes early

From:

staging and

(Robert-Koch-Institut)

T2: 60%

T3: 90%

T4: 100%