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Total systematic and random

uncertainties

Why “quadratic sum”?

For a simple criterion such as probability level of minimum dose,

random and systematic uncertainties could be added linearly.

For the separate systematic and random uncertainties a

quadratic

sum

is required:

S = S + S + S

M

=

M

sys

+

M

r

It emphasizes the large uncertainties

!!! (see example)

a

2

b

2

c

2

S =

10

2

+

3

2

+

3

2

=

10.9

The PTV 2017 - D. Verellen