174 / 350
ALLA TYMOFEYEVA
CYIL 4 ȍ2013Ȏ
12.
Denmark
1996
1/11/1988
1/7/2002
not in force
13.
Estonia
2001
1/7/1996
1/7/2002
not in force
14.
Finland
1995
1/8/1990
1/2/2003
not in force
15.
France
1994
1/11/1988
1/8/2008
not in force
16.
Georgia
2006
1/7/2000
1/5/2008
not in force
17.
Germany
No liability
not in force
not in force
not in force
18.
Greece
No liability
1/11/1988
1/11/2007
not in force
19.
Hungary
2001
1/2/1993
1/7/2002
1/8/2009
20.
Iceland
1993
1/11/1988
1/6/2004
not in force
21.
Ireland
2002
1/11/2001
1/2/2004
not in force
22.
Italy
2001
1/2/1992
not in force
not in force
23.
Latvia
2005
1/9/1997
1/7/2002
1/6/2010
24.
Liechtenstein
2008
1/5/2005
not in force
not in force
25.
Lithuania
2003
1/9/1995
1/7/2002
not in force
26.
Luxembourg
2010
1/7/1989
1/11/2005
not in force
27.
Malta
2002
1/4/2003
1/9/2003
1/5/2008
28.
Moldova
2002
1/12/1997
1/5/2004
1/5/2008
29.
Monaco
2011
1/2/2006
1/7/2007
not in force
30.
Montenegro
2007
6/6/2006
6/6/2006
1/2/2009
31.
Netherlands
1950
not in force
1/8/2002
1/12/2008
32.
Norway
1991
1/1/1989
1/7/2004
not in force
33.
Poland
2003
1/3/2003
1/4/2003
1/5/2008
34.
Portugal
1982
1/3/2005
1/9/2002
1/8/2010
35.
Romania
2006
1/9/1994
1/11/2002
1/5/2008
36.
Russia
No liability
1/8/1998
1/2/2007
not in force
37.
San Marino
2010
1/6/1989
not in force
1/11/2010
38.
Serbia
2008
1/6/2004
1/4/2003
1/8/2009
39.
Slovakia
2010
1/1/1993
1/7/2002
1/1/2009
40.
Slovenia
1999
1/9/1994
1/7/2002
1/8/2010
41.
Spain
2010
1/12/2009
1/8/2010
1/7/2010
42.
Sweden
1983
1/11/1988
1/10/2004
not in force
43.
Switzerland
2003
1/11/1988
1/7/2006
not in force
44.
The former
Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia
2002
1/7/1997
1/7/2002
1/9/2009
45.
Turkey
No liability
not in force
1/7/2004
not in force
46.
Ukraine
2013
1/12/1997
1/3/2010
1/6/2011
47.
United Kingdom
1940
not in force
1/4/2004
not in force
* It has to be mentioned that the dates in this column may be not absolutely correct as the criminal
liability of legal persons in some states is envisaged by a few legal acts and the dates of entry into force
of these laws may be different. Moreover, taking into account the fact that the sources used were mostly
translations of domestic legislation into English and Russian, it is possible that the translated laws do not
reflect the current situation. The author made her own research on legislation of Russia, the Czech
Republic, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro, Moldova, Macedonia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Andorra
and Albania. Information on the other countries was taken from Corporate Liability in Europe, by
Clifford Chance LLP, January 2012 and from The Criminal Liability of Companies. A Global Practice
Guide, prepared by the Lex Mundi Business Crimes and Compliance Practice Group, February 2008.