42 / 159
2. Zeaxanthin
o
β,β‐Carotene‐3,3'‐diol;
dietary
o
Zeaxanthin differs from lutein only by placement of
single double bond.
o
Commercial and supplemental roles
•
Also accumulates in human retina;
predominates in
macula
lutea
•
Reportedly rescues AMD
•
Colors white egg yolks yellow
•
Colorant (E161h)
o
Structure
o
Proposed daily dose: 2 mg
3. β-Cryptoxanthin
o
(3R,3’R,6’R)‐β,ε‐Carotene‐3,3’‐diol;
dietary
o
Commercial and supplemental roles
•
Provitamin in humans; converted to vitamin A
•
Possible antioxidative DNA protection, bone health,
others
•
Colorant (E161c) in Australia and New Zealand; not in US
or EU
o
Structure
o
Proposed daily dose: 4 mg