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Vaccination
- Persistent viral infection with carcinogenic HPV types causes virtually all cancer of
the cervix and most cases of anal cancer. The carcinogenic types, HPV 16 and HPV
18 cause approximately 70 percent of all cervical cancers worldwide and 72 percent
of anal cancers. HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 are estimated to cause an
additional 19 percent of invasive cervical cancers. HPV 6 and HPV 11 cause
approximately 90 percent of genital warts.
- Available vaccines:
- Gardasil, a quadrivalent HPV vaccine, targets HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18.
- Gardasil 9, a 9-valent vaccine, targets the same HPV types as the quadrivalent
vaccine (6, 11, 16, and 18) as well as types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58.
- Cervarix, a bivalent vaccine, targets HPV types 16 and 18.
- HPV immunization is most effective among individuals who have not yet been
infected with HPV (i.e. before sexual debut).
- Routine immunization should be offered to girls 11 to 12 years of age, but can be
administered as early as nine years. Catch-up vaccination should be offered for
females aged 13 to 26 years who have not been previously vaccinated. If cost and
availability are not issues, the 9-valent vaccine should be used for females in whom
HPV vaccination is indicated.