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Until now, however, the land-based activities of the
oil and gas industry have had a much more severe
impact on the environment than marine activity.
In particular the growth in hydrocarbon-related ac-
tivity has destroyed the environmental balance of
whole areas throughout the region. The hydrocar-
bon industries generate toxic by-products, which in
many places are not properly stored or have already
been dispersed into the surroundings, as for exam-
ple in some parts of the Apsheron peninsula and
around the city of Aktau.
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