259 / 1983
“Tower of Babel” bias
Papers with p-values < 0.05
more likely to be published in
English
Egger Lancet 1997
p-value
German (%) English (%)
≥ 0.05
26 (65)
15 (38)
[0.01, 0.05]
8 (20)
14 (38)
[0.001,0.01]
3 (8)
4 (8)
<0.001
3 (8)
7 (18)
Total
40
40