PADI RTO First Aid Student Manual

What four different types of information are transmitted to and from the brain? 1. Sensory information 2. Motor functions 3. Involuntary functions 4. Levels of consciousness How is the central nervous system protected from injury? The brain and spinal cords’ delicate nerve cells are surrounded by protective tissue layers that help keep them safe from injury. Also, the skull protects the brain and spinal column vertebrae protect the spinal cord. A clear liquid called cerebrospinal fluid provides additional protection. Principles and procedures for first aid management Considerations when providing first aid for specified conditions This section introduces basic first aid procedures for conditions such as allergic reactions, (incl. anaphylaxis), bleeding control, cardiac arrest (incl. chest pain), choking and airway obstruction, respiratory distress (incl. asthma), shock, and stroke. It also introduces you to the basic principles for the management of these conditions when providing basic emergency life support. Allergic Reactions, incl. anaphylaxis

HLTAID002 - PROVIDE BASIC EMERGENCY LIFE SUPPORT

HLTAID002 - PROVIDE BASIC EMERGENCY LIFE SUPPORT

The nervous system What is the primary purpose of the nervous system? All mental and physical activity is controlled by the nervous system – a complex network of cells that communicate with one another. The division of labour that exists within the nervous system allows it to control the human body precisely and efficiently. What are the two main organs of the central nervous system? The two main organs of the central nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is the human body’s controlling organ. The spinal cord extends from the brain and then on to a network of nerves throughout the body. Information transmitted to and from the brain include sensory information (touch, taste, sight, sound, smell), motor functions and involuntary functions along with levels of consciousness.

What are the indications of severe and mild allergic reactions? Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock) are potentially life-threatening; they can occur rapidly – usually immediately after a person eats (e.g. peanuts, shellfish) or is stung or bitten by an insect, or has taken drugs (e.g. penicillin). Persons with severe allergic reactions may have hives or red blotchy skin, wheezing, chest tightness, stomach pain and complain of nausea, difficulty breathing, talking or swallowing (due to swollen face, lips, tongue or throat tissue). Their blood pressure may drop, leading to dizziness and fainting. Treat a severe allergic reaction as a medical emergency and follow primary care procedures. Mild allergic reactions include sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose and skin rashes. Mild allergies are not life-threatening and are usually controlled with antihistamines. How do you manage severe allergic reactions that are potentially life-threatening? Remember your priorities of care (DRSABCDS). First, stop and assess the scene for danger. Was the casualty stung or eating? Consider your safety and form an action plan; check to see if an auto-injector is available – if so, assist the casualty in administering it. If auto-injector is not available, continue the Cycle of Care . Responsive casualties may prefer to sit up for easier breathing. Check their level of responsiveness and check for any indications of a pre-existing condition by looking for a medic alert tag and asking the casualty. Alert Emergency Medical Services (EMS) as appropriate and continue to support the casualty until EMS personnel arrives.

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PADI RTO

PADI RTO

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