PADI RTO First Aid Student Manual

How do you manage low blood sugar? You would begin with your primary assessment and care, followed by illness assessment. If possible, provide the casualty with a snack, sugary drink or food and encourage them to see a health care professional. How do you manage high blood sugar? You would begin with primary assessment and care, followed by illness assessment. Try to provide the casualty with water and continue the Cycle of Care (DRSABCDS) until EMS personnel arrive. Dislocations What causes dislocations and how do you manage them? Dislocations occur when pressure is placed on a joint; the joint appears deformed and the injury is very painful. Suspect a fracture if, after a fall or blow, a limb appears to be in an unnatural position, is not useable, swells or bruises rapidly or is extremely painful at a specific point. Only splint an injury if Emergency Medical Services personnel or transport to a medical facility is delayed and if you can do so without causing more discomfort and pain to the casualty. All dislocations and fractures need professional medical attention. Drowning What causes drowning and how can you manage it? Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/ immersion in liquid. Drowning outcomes are classified as death, morbidity and no morbidity – the latter two referred to as “non-fatal drowning”. Vomiting or regurgitation often follows immersion in water. Initial assessment of the airway should be done with the casualty on his side to prevent inhalation of fluids. If the person is conscious and complains of neck pain or altered sensation in fingers or toes, suspect a spinal injury and support the head and neck. Even if the person feels fine, he must be transferred to medical care due to possible lung complications.

HLTAID003 - PROVIDE FIRST AID

HLTAID003 - PROVIDE FIRST AID

Burns What are the different types of burns? There are three types of burns that can be categorised as either superficial burns affect only the outer skin layer. The skin is red, slightly swollen and painful to touch. Sunburn usually falls into this category; partial thickness burns go into the second skin layer and appear as blisters on red, splotchy skin; full thickness burns involve all layers of the skin – even underlying tissue. These serious burns are often painless due to nerve destruction. They appear as charred black or dry and white areas. How do you manage burns and what causes lightning and radiation burns? It is important that you do not peel off clothes or break blisters. When possible, elevate burnt limbs and only apply water. If you are trained and local regulations allow and if you are beyond open flames, provide emergency oxygen to casualties with major burn injuries. Remember, inhalation of flames or heated and/or toxic gases can cause injuries and be life-threatening. These injuries may not be obvious. Therefore, suspect inhalation burns whenever the face, nasal hair and eyebrows are burned, when the casualty coughs up black particles or toxic substances are present. Lightning burns can be caused by direct strike or a side flash while radiation burns can be caused by ultraviolet rays, welding, lasers, industrial microwave equipment and nuclear emissions. You should treat any large burn on the face, hands, feet, groin, buttocks or a major joint as a medical emergency. Continue the Cycle of Care (DRSABCDS). Crush injuri s What causes crush injuries and do they become life-threatening? A person can be crushed by a car, falling objects, industrial accidents or even by pressure from another person. If an object crushing a person is over the head, neck, chest or stomach area, it is life-threatening and the object should be removed as soon as possible. A casualty who has suffered a crush injury may appear alert and not obviously hurt. However, the person should still be transported to the nearest medical facility as deterioration may occur at a later stage due to damage sustained. Diabetes What are two types of diabetes? Diabetes is caused by one of two conditions in the body: either by high blood sugar (Type 1 - this results in a diabetic coma, diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycaemia ) or low blood sugar (Type 2 - this results in insulin shock, insulin reaction or hypoglycaemia ).

III-5

III-4

PADI RTO

PADI RTO