ASSOCIATE Magazine FBINAA Q1-2026

FBI National Academy Associates, Inc., National Academy Building 8-102 Quantico, VA 22135

One Card For Everything. Everywhere.

Each time you use your FBINAA VISA® Rewards Credit Card, we’ll give back to FBINAA to further their mission.

The Official FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. VISA® Rewards Credit Card

VALUED FBINAA MEMBER

0% APR * 12-Month Introductory Rate on ALL purchases 2% APR * 12-Month Introductory Rate on all cash advances and balance transfers 11.90% Non-Variable APR * after 12 months on purchases, balance transfers and cash advances

Earn Rewards

No Annual Fee

Spend instantly with your digital card

How does our rate compare to the national average?

11.90% Non-Variable APR *

FBINAA VISA Rewards Credit Card Retail Credit Card National Average U.S. Credit Card National Average

30.14% APR **

19.75% APR ***

Apply Now to Start Saving Visit jfcu.org/FBINAA or call 800.550.5328

Federally Insured by NCUA *APR = Annual Percentage Rate. Offer as of January 1, 2026. Subject to credit approval. Membership eligibility required. Membership with Justice Federal must be established via a share account prior to the approval of the FBINAA Credit Card. An introductory rate of 0% on purchases and a 2% introductory rate on balance transfers and cash advances will apply for the twelve-month introductory period immediately following the date your account is established (except for any cardholders who have had a Justice Federal Credit Card within the last 3 years, and all Share Secured VISA accountholders). FBINAA VISA Credit Card subject to the following: Balance transfer fee, cash advance fee or convenience check fee: either 2.00% of the advance or $10 whichever is greater ($100 maximum), Foreign transaction fees: 1.00% of each foreign currency transaction in U.S. dollars or 1.00% of each U.S. Dollar transaction that occurs in a foreign country. Credit card has no annual fee. To view the Credit Card Account Agreement and Federal Disclosure Statement visit www.jfcu.org. **Retail Credit Card National Average Rate is 30.14% Annual Percentage Rate, Courtesy of Bank Rate as of September 15, 2025. ***U.S. Credit Card National Average Rate is 19.75% Annual Percentage Rate, Courtesy of Bank Rate as of December 16, 2025.

IN SIDE

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

F EATURE S

14 Chapter Conference Partnership Success – Tim Gately, MPA, NA Session 261 20 Dick Arther Was Right – Dr. Michael White, NA Session 206 26 Your ‘Spidey Senses’ Still Work in Cyberspace: Seeing the Crime in a Cyber Intrusion – Inez Miyamoto, NA Session 266 COLUMNS

04 Association Update 10 National Office Update 19 National Academy Update 24 Historian’s Spotlight 30 A Message from Our Chaplain EACH ISSUE

14

20

06 Strategic / Academic Alliances

AD INDEX

– JFCU 05 5.11 09 Panasonic 25 Skydio 37 CRI-TAC – Verizon

1

NATIONAL BOARD Association President / WILLIAM J. CARBONE Detective (OSI) NYS. Attorney General’s Office, New York City Police Department (Ret.), bcarbone@fbinaa.org Past President / CRAIG PETERSEN Deputy Chief, Gulfport Police Department (MS) (Ret.), cpetersen@fbinaa.org 1st Vice President / JIM GALLAGHER Assistant Chief, Maricopa Community Colleges Police Department jgallagher@fbinaa.org

Section II Representative / JASON HESTER Chief of the Infrastructure Operations Division, Texas Department of Public Safety, jhester@fbinaa.org

Section III Representative / JAMES “JIMMY” CRAYTON Chief, Wallace Police Department (NC), jcrayton@fbinaa.org

Section IV Representative / STEPHEN HRYTZIK Chief of Law Enforcement Accreditation, Ohio Department of Public Safety, Office of Criminal Justice Services (OH), shrytzik@fbinaa.org

Chaplain / KEVIN JENSEN Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office, Captain (Ret.), kjensen@fbinaa.org

2nd Vice President / LARRY DYESS Captain, Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office (LA), ldyess@fbinaa.org

Historian / JOHN SIMMONS Chief of Police (Ret.), Mission Police Department (KS), jsimmons@fbinaa.org

3rd Vice President / TIM CANNON Special Agent Supervisor, Florida Lottery (FL), tcannon@fbinaa.org

Executive Director / JEFF MCCORMICK FBINAA National Office (VA), jmccormick@fbinaa.org

Section I Representative / BILL GARDINER Colonel/Director, Idaho State Police, bgardiner@fbinaa.org

NATIONAL OFFICE STAFF DIRECTORY Executive Director, JEFF MCCORMICK 703.632.1901 jmccormick@fbinaa.org

Membership Coordinator, KASSIE BILLER 703.632.1994 kbiller@fbinaa.org Retail Operations Manager, JAXI STOUT 703.632.1902 jstout@fbinaa.org Retail Associate, TRAELYND HICKS 703.632.1902 thicks@fbinaa.org

Executive Assistant, ANDREA CRAWFORD 703.632.3052 acrawford@fbinaa.org

Director of Marketing and Communications, RILEY MORAN 731.819.2000 rmoran@fbinaa.org

Director of Education and Training, TONY BAILEY , NA Session 242 470.955.9786 tbailey@fbinaa.org

Brand and Marketing Manager, KEVIN WARREN 731.513.0147 kwarren@fbinaa.org

Education & Training Assistant, DONNA SAVINE 703.632.1867 dsavine@fbinaa.org

Director of Strategic Partnerships, JOHN DeVOE , NA Session 252 551.800.7789 jdevoe@fbinaa.org Strategic Partnerships Manager, TAYLOR JACK 703.632.1902 tjack@fbinaa.org Director of Member Services, JENNIFER WATSON 571.329.1528 jwatson@fbinaa.org Membership and Database Manager, RENEE REYNOLDS 703.632.1944 rreynolds@fbinaa.org

Chief Financial Officer, KORRI ROPER 703.632.1911 kroper@fbinaa.org Comptroller, DENISE MACLANE 703.632.1935 dmaclane@fbinaa.org

2 FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

Q1 2026 | Volume 28, Number 1 The Associate is a publication of the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc.

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

CALL FOR ASSOCIATE MAGAZINE ARTICLE SUBMISSIONS

Riley Moran and Kevin Warren / Publishers Bridget Ingebrigtsen / Editor Dave Myslinski / Design

© Copyright 2026, the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. Reproduction of any part of this magazine without express written permission is strictly prohibited.

The Associate is published quarterly by the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc., National Office, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA 22135.

The FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. is a private, non-profit organization and is not part of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or acting on the FBI’s behalf. Email editorial submissions to rmoran@fbinaa.org. Submissions may vary in length from 500-2000 words, and shall not be submitted simultaneously to other publications. Please see our Submission Guidelines at www.fbinaa.org/ magazine/associate-magazine for more information. The FBI National Academy Associates, Inc., the National Board and the editors of the Associate neither endorse nor guarantee completeness or accuracy of material used that is obtained from sources considered reliable, nor accept liability resulting from the adoption or use of any methods, procedures, recommendations, or statements recommended or implied.

21st Century contemporary trends, challenges, and issues facing the global law enforcement community.

Photographs are obtained from stock for enhancement of editorial content, but do not necessarily represent the editorial content within.

EDITORIAL DEADLINE

ADVERTISING DEADLINE

PUBLICATION DATE

The Associate Magazine, the official publication of the FBI National Academy Associates, is seeking subject matter experts to write original, unpublished, continuing law enforcement-related education articles. Policing Topics for Consideration: • LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT TRENDS • COMMUNITY POLICING • BODY-WORN CAMERAS LEGISLATION AND IMPLEMENTATION • EXTREME RADICAL GROUPS AND INTERACTIONS ON BOTH LEFT AND RIGHT • HOMEGROWN RACE = BASED VIOLENT EXTREMISM • CIVIL UNREST AND PROTEST ISSUES: PROTEST PROCEDURES/ACTIONS • TACTICAL RESPONSE • RECRUITING • MEDIA RELATIONS • FINANCES/BUDGETS DURING TIMES OF CRISIS • RECRUITING DIVERSITY • OFFICER HEALTH AND WELLNESS • RETIRED MEMBER FITNESS

ISSUE

Q2

3/9/26

3/20/26

5/22/26

8/1/26

10/1/26

Q3

7/15/26

Q4

10/15/26

11/1/26

1/3/27

Q1

1/15/27

2/1/27

4/1/26

• CYBER CRIME AND MANAGEMENT • LAW ENFORCEMENT AND COVID-19 • LIFE AFTER LAW ENFORCEMENT • OTHER

For submission guidelines, please visit www.fbinaa.org.

On the Cover: Chapter Conference partnership success.

3

ASSOCIATION UPDATE

Bill Carbone

T he Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy Asso ciates (FBINAA) is renowned for its commitment to advanc ing law enforcement leadership and fostering professional de velopment among police officers from across the United States and around the world. Among the many traditions that define the FBI National Academy, one stands out as both a highlight and a rite of passage for many attendees: the trip to New York City Police Department's Special Operations Division at Floyd Bennett Field in southern Brooklyn, hosted and coordinated by the New York Police Department (NYPD). Each session of the FBI National Academy features this unique and historic excursion, which not only exposes participants to the operations of one of the world's largest municipal police forces but also strengthens interagency cooperation and camaraderie. This article explores the significance, history, and impact of the NYPD trip during each FBINAA session. The FBI National Academy is a comprehensive 10-week resi dential program of accredited instruction for law enforcement leaders from all over the world. This program has long been a vital element in the continuing improvement of law enforcement standards, knowledge, and cooperation throughout the world. The FBI National Academy was set up in 1935 with the mis sion of elevating the standards of law enforcement through ad vanced training, education, and the exchange of best practices. Each year, four sessions—each lasting about ten weeks—are held at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Va. Law enforcement leaders from across the United States and around the globe are invited to attend, selected for their potential to drive positive change in their respective agencies and communities. While the curriculum is rigorous, encompassing everything from behavioral science and leadership to forensics and fitness, the Academy has always placed great emphasis on building networks. As such, field trips and external agency visits have become a signature feature of the program, providing firsthand exposure to real-world policing in urban environments. The NYPD trip is a highlight for many attendees. THE GENESIS OF THE NYPD TRIP The tradition of traveling to New York City as part of the FBI National Academy experience dates back to before the 1990s. While the exact session is not known, the more formal official trip started with Session 169 in June of 1992. While the National Academy is celebrating 90 years in 2026, the NY Trip started when a group of NYPD students in the session drove up in their private vehicles and hosted their suite mates and friends at their private homes . What began as a simple field visit to observe urban policing in action has evolved into a comprehensive, multi-day weekend event , regularly hosting in excess of 150 students traveling in 2-3 buses from MCB Quantico to mid-town Manhattan on a Friday afternoon at times with a police escort arriving at about 9 p.m. The NYPD Trip: A Signature Experience of the FBI National Academy Associates

and being met by 10-20 NYPD FBI NAA alumni volunteers who welcome the visitors and get them acquainted in a local mid town pub to refresh themselves. The NYPD, as the largest police department in the United States and one of the most storied in the world, offers a unique perspective on law enforcement chal lenges, innovation, and community engagement in a metropolis of more than 8 million people. With 8 million stories in NYC, the NYPD Trip includes tales like losing a foreign student in the busy downtown crowds. Or the student who has a little too much wine at the Italian dinner and his room mates suffer the conse quences of his overindulgences. Hotel accommodation has also evolved over the trips, from the students’ homes in the suburbs to the 5-star hotel in mid-town. The NYPD Trip gets started early on Saturday morning with a visit and demonstration at the special operations Division at Floyd Bennet Field on the southern Brooklyn shore of Jamaica Bay. Specialized Units Demonstrations: Participants are intro duced to NYPD’s elite units such as the Emergency Service Unit), Harbor Unit, Mounted Police, and the aviation unit and K-9 teams. These demonstrations highlight the capabilities needed to re spond to high-risk incidents, major events, and natural disasters. This visit is held indoors sometimes during poor winter weather. Each session’s NYPD trip is carefully curated to give partici pants a comprehensive look at modern urban policing. While the precise itinerary may vary from session to session, certain experiences have become standard over the years: A visit to One Police Plaza to the Command Center, a visit to a Broadway play or up to Yankee Stadium to catch a game if the season is in swing, and then dinner at a midtown restaurant and a visit by the NYPD Emerald Society pipe and drums band. The itinerary often includes stops at cultural and historic landmarks such as the 9/11 Memorial & Museum, and the NYPD Police Academy in Queens, providing context on the depart ment’s evolution and its role in New York City’s history. In recent years, the trip has increasingly emphasized the importance of public trust. Workshops and discussions focus on topics such as procedural justice, de-escalation, and the use of technology to promote accountability. These forward-looking elements ensure that the NYPD trip is still relevant and impactful for new generations of law enforcement leaders.

continued on page 9

4 FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

2026 STRATEGIC ALLIANCE PROGRAM

DIAMOND

PLATINUM

SILVER

2026 ACADEMIC ALLIANCE PROGRAM

SUMMA

6 FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

GOLD

BRONZE

MAGNA

CHANCELLOR

7

2026 FBINAA National Annual Training Conference Where Opportunity Flows

Channel New Connections with a FBINAA National Annual Training Conference Sponsorship!

Sponsorships Include: • Banquet Entertainment • Lunch • Welcome Reception • Social Mixer • Lanyard

• Solutions Presentation • Demo Theater Presentation • National Board Dinner • Exhibit Hall Activity Area • Women Graduates Event

Scan or click for Sponsor Opportunities.

Partnerships@FBINAA.org

continued from "Association Update" page 4

Special thanks to the NYPD coordinators from over the years who aided with this article.

The NYPD trip during each session of the FBI National Academy is more than a field visit—it is a rite of passage, a bridge between theory and practice, and a testament to the endur ing partnership between two of America’s most influential law enforcement institutions. As graduates return to their agencies, they carry with them not only the lessons learned on New York City’s streets but also the spirit of collaboration and innovation that defines the FBI National Academy experience. In this way, the legacy of the NYPD trip continues to shape the future of policing, one session at a time.

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

Dennis Dier , NA Session 170 Richard Rudolph , NA Session 239 Joe Delducca , NA Session 263

Bill Carbone 2025-2026 FBINAA President NA Session 217

PLEASE JOIN OUR SOCIAL MEDIA GROUPS

9

NATIONAL OFFICE UPDATE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Jeff McCormick

T he FBINAA is an Association like no other. Only those who graduated from the FBI National Academy (almost 57,000 since its inception in 1935) are eligible for membership. As a result, only a finite, statistically insignificant number of law enforcement leaders can be members of the FBINAA. Yet, since those selected to attend the FBI National Academy represent the best of the law enforcement profession, so too are the members of the FBINAA. And as an organization of the best and brightest in law enforcement, the FBINAA delivers an impact to the profes sion that far outweighs our restricted number of members! The exclusivity of membership eligibility ensures the members of the FBINAA are the lifeblood of the World’s Strongest Law Enforce ment Leadership Network. Those members are the reason the FBINAA exists. Dur ing their attendance at the National Academy, students form relationships, deep bonds, that will last for the rest of their lives, not just their careers. The camaraderie, instant assistance, and mutual understanding they develop with their Session mates extends not only after retirement, but across sessions! Whether you attend a National Conference, chapter retrainer, or simple luncheon, you will see the instant recognition and unity of fellow graduates, no matter the session or region of the world. The leadership provided by the FBINAA National Board and the relentless pursuit of excellence by the National Office Team, are the engine that keeps the FBINAA at the forefront of law enforcement leadership and networking. Those graduates who recognize the privilege of attending the most prestigious and

exclusive training for law enforcement leaders and who continue to value and honor that experience are the reason the FBINAA exists. The Association serves these members and provides a vehicle through which they can continue to positively influence their communities by promoting and advancing law enforcement leadership education and meaningful networking opportunities. THANK YOU to the members of the FBINAA for your dedication and support! See you in Niagara Falls for the 2026 FBINAA National Annual Training Conference, June 27-30!

Warmest Regards,

Jeff McCormick FBINAA Executive Director

2026 NIAGARA FALLS, ONTARIO JUNE 27-30 HOSTED BY THE NEW YORK/ EASTERN CANADA CHAPTER

FBINAA NATIONAL ANNUAL TRAINING CONFERENCE | SAVE THE DATE

10 FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

Your FBINAA membership now takes you farther—together.

The FBINAA Travel Network connects you to shared travel experiences with fellow National Academy graduates . Created by members, for members, it’s about more than destinations—it’s about traveling with people who get it. From exploring the world with NA classmates to attending FBINAA Chapter and National events, every trip keeps you connected to the FBINAA family . Because the best journeys are taken together . Information coming soon.

FBI NATIONAL ACADEMY ASSOCIATES LEADERSHIP CERTIFICATION PROGRAM

The purpose of the FBI National Academy Associates (FBINAA) Leadership Certification Program is to continue to develop the highest degree of law enforcement leaders across the country. This certification is a series of courses, open to all law enforcement professionals and encompasses the latest strategies, techniques, and real-world leadership scenarios to prepare each participant to better lead their respective unit, shift, or agency into the unpredictable future of law enforcement. TOPICS COVERED • Mastering Self-Leadership — Strengthening personal leadership skills, FBINAA LEADERSHIP CERTIFICATION To receive full certification, participants will complete the following: • Successful completion of three courses (Courses can be taken in any order) – Course One: Leadership Foundations for Law Enforcement— From Self-Mastery to Team Success (4-Day Program)

emotional intelligence, and accountability to set the foundation for effective leadership • Developing Others for Team Success — Building trust, coaching, mentoring, and empowering teams for collaborative success • Cultivating Organizational Excellence — Establishing and sustaining a positive organizational culture, developing shared vision and values, and creating a legacy of excellence • Scenario-specific, real-world applications to enhance leader growth

– Course Two: Leadership Culture for Law Enforcement— Cultivating Organizational Excellence (2-Day Program) – Course Three: Attend one of the FBINAA Leadership Forum Courses (2-Day Programs) • Completion of a self-study research paper assigned by the FBINAA Education and Training Division.

To learn more about the FBINAA Leadership Certification Program, visit www.fbinaa.org/education/leadership-certification-program Or contact the Education and Training Division by email at training@fbinaa.org

HELP OUR ACTIVE MEMBERS AND THEIR FAMILIES AND EARN YOUR WINGS ANGEL DONOR BECOME A 2026 FBINAA CHARITABLE FOUNDATION

In appreciation for your donation, you will receive the 2026 Commemorative Challenge Coin from the FBINAA Charitable Foundation. In addition, you will be listed on the Foundation’s website recognizing your generosity, unless you choose to opt out of being listed. Donate $250 or more to get your Angel Wings

VISIT FBINAAFOUNDATION.ORG TO DONATE TODAY!

14 FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

CHAPTER CONFERENCE PARTNERSHIP Success

TIM GATELY, NA SESSION 261

Regional collaboration has become an essential strategy for FBI National Academy Associates (FBINAA) Chapters seeking to deliver high-quality training amid rising costs and limited volunteer capacity. This article examines the 2024 WA-MT-ID Chapter Northwest Training Conference , a joint effort between the Washington and Montana-Idaho Chapters, which demon strated how shared resources, coordinated planning, and a unified vision can create a scalable, financially sustainable model for future chapter events. The conference delivered contemporary training, strength ened professional networks, and generated positive financial outcomes, offering a replicable framework for chapters facing similar challenges.

continued on page 16

continued on page 16

15

continued from "Partnership Success" page 15

BUILDING STRENGTH THROUGH PARTNERSHIP R egional training continues to serve as a cornerstone of the FBI National Academy Associates, providing members with ongoing professional development, peer support, and exposure to emerging practices that enhance both individual leadership capacity and organizational effectiveness. However, the ability of local chapters to deliver high-quality, contemporary training has become increasingly strained as they confront rising opera tional costs, expanding logistical requirements, and the growing expectations of a profession that demands continuous learning. Smaller chapters, in particular, face significant challenges in sus taining the scale, quality, and financial stability required to host meaningful training events. Recently, larger chapters have also experienced similar challenges. In 2024, the Washington and Montana-Idaho Chapters recog nized these pressures and deliberately decided to address them through a collaborative regional partnership rather than by re ducing the scope or ambition of their training offerings. By pool ing their resources, aligning their planning efforts, and sharing responsibility for execution, the chapters created the Northwest Training Conference, held September 8–11 at the Northern Quest Resort & Casino Conference Center near Spokane, Washington. This joint initiative produced a conference that exceeded member expectations, offering a robust training agenda, expanded net working opportunities, and a financially sustainable model that can support future chapter initiatives. The event drew nearly 175 attendees and 25 vendors, operated on a $90,000 budget, and concluded with $15,000 in positive funds, including more than $7,000 raised through a raffle to support chapter operations and the FBINAA Youth Leadership Program. THE CHALLENGE: DELIVER MORE WITH LESS Chapters across the country are navigating a complex environment in which the demand for relevant, high-impact training continues to grow while the resources required to deliver such training become increasingly constrained. Members expect instruction that reflects the realities of 21st-century policing, in cluding major case management, leadership development, officer wellness, and the integration of emerging technologies. Meeting these expectations requires access to expert presenters, special ized content, and facilities that support modern training needs. At the same time, venue costs, travel expenses, and technol ogy requirements have risen sharply. Volunteer chapter boards— already balancing full-time leadership roles within their agen cies—must manage logistics, vendor coordination, sponsorship development, and communication efforts that can quickly exceed the capacity of small teams. For chapters with fewer than 100 members, these demands can make it difficult to host conferenc es that are both financially viable and operationally manageable. The Washington and Montana-Idaho Chapters recognized that these challenges were not unique to their regions and that a collaborative approach could provide a practical solution. By combining their efforts, they sought to reduce financial risk, expand their operational capacity, and deliver a conference that reflected the high standards of the FBINAA. THE PARTNERSHIP MODEL The partnership between the two chapters was built on shared responsibility, transparent communication, and a com mitment to delivering value to their members. The chapters

established a joint planning team that coordinated all major aspects of the event, including budgeting, vendor outreach, sponsorship development, and attendee communication. They created a unified budget that allowed them to allocate resources efficiently and make informed decisions about venue selection, training content, and event logistics. Technology played a central role in streamlining the plan ning process. The chapters used shared websites, social media platforms, and cost-free digital tools to manage registration, distribute updates, and maintain consistent communication with attendees and vendors. This approach reduced administrative burdens and ensured that both chapters could contribute effec tively without duplicating efforts. The results demonstrated the strength of the partnership. The conference attracted a diverse group of attendees from across the region, engaged 25 vendors representing a wide range of public-safety technologies and services, and generated posi tive financial outcomes that will support future training opportu nities. The success of the event underscored the value of regional collaboration as a strategy for sustaining high-quality training in The conference delivered a comprehensive training agenda designed to address the operational, leadership, and wellness needs of contemporary law-enforcement professionals. Presenta tions included a major case after-action review, executive devel opment and wellness instruction from Dr. Cerise Vablais and Paul Butler, an in-depth exploration of Rapid DNA applications led by Phoenix Police Detective Jay Hovland in partnership with Thermo Fisher Scientific, financial planning guidance from Bryce Griffith of Foster & Associates, and a detailed examination of executive lessons learned from a multi-state cult murder case presented by Capt. Ron Ball. Additional leadership and resilience content was provided by Chief Neil Gang. This diverse training lineup ensured that attendees received practical, actionable insights that could be applied immediately within their agencies. The emphasis on leadership, wellness, and emerging technology reflected the evolving demands of the profession and reinforced the importance of continuous learning for law-enforcement executives. NETWORKING THAT BUILDS COMMUNITY While training formed the core of the conference, the event also prioritized relationship-building, recognizing that strong pro fessional networks are essential to effective leadership and orga nizational resilience. The conference offered a range of network ing opportunities, including live music events featuring The Dime Store Profits and country artist Chris Ward (NA Session 281), a golf tournament, a winery tour & lunch, a poker tournament, and a cornhole competition. These activities created informal spaces for attendees to connect, share experiences, and strengthen the bonds that define the FBINAA community. The vendor showcase further enhanced networking by bring ing industry partners into direct contact with practitioners, allow ing attendees to explore new tools, technologies, and services that support operational effectiveness. This engagement helped bridge the gap between emerging solutions and real-world needs, fostering dialogue that benefits both agencies and vendors. an era of constrained resources. TRAINING THAT MATTERS

continued on page 17

16 FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

continued from "Partnership Success" page 16

SCALABILITY: THE HIDDEN ADVANTAGE One of the most significant benefits of the partnership model was the scalability it created. By combining their efforts, the chapters expanded their planning capacity, increased their ability to manage complex logistics, and enhanced their ability to deliver a high-quality event. Tasks that would have overwhelmed a single chapter became manageable when shared across a larger team. This increased capacity also allowed the chapters to pursue more ambitious training content, attract a broader range of ven dors, and create a more dynamic conference experience. The scalability of the partnership also contributed to in creased attendance and vendor participation, demonstrating that regional collaboration can generate momentum that benefits all participating chapters. The success of a joint training conference provides a compelling example of how chapters can leverage shared resources to achieve outcomes that would be difficult to accomplish independently. LESSONS LEARNED The Northwest Training Conference produced several key lessons that may be valuable to other chapters considering regional collaboration: 1. Shared responsibility reduces operational and financial risk, allowing chapters to pursue more ambitious training goals without overextending their resources. 2. Scalability enhances quality, as larger planning teams and pooled resources support stronger training content, improved logistics, and more robust vendor engagement. 3. Technology is essential, with websites, social media, and cost-free digital tools enabling efficient communication and streamlined registration processes. 4. Balanced programming strengthens engagement, as high- quality training combined with meaningful networking opportunities creates a comprehensive and memorable conference experience. 5. Financial transparency builds trust, ensuring that all participating chapters remain aligned and confident in the shared management of resources. A MODEL FOR THE FUTURE The partnership between the Washington and Montana-Ida ho Chapters demonstrates that regional collaboration is not only feasible but highly effective in addressing the challenges facing local chapters today. By working together, the chapters deliv ered a conference that met member expectations, strengthened professional relationships, and created a financially sustainable model for future events. As the law-enforcement profession con tinues to evolve and training demands increase, regional partner ships offer a practical and scalable strategy for maintaining the high standards of the FBINAA. Building on the momentum of the 2024 success, the Wash ington and Montana-Idaho Chapters have agreed to repeat this joint-conference model during even-numbered years and are planning for 2026. The chapters are also preparing to host the Sec tion I meeting immediately preceding the 2026 conference, further strengthening the partnership model and expanding the event's scalability. Looking ahead, the chapters intend to broaden the col laborative framework to include additional surrounding FBINAA Chapters and other law-enforcement executive training organiza tions, such as state associations of chiefs and sheriffs. Although the conference is designed for FBINAA members, all public safety and law enforcement personnel are welcome to attend.

The previous joint conference demonstrated that an inclu sive environment attracts a wider audience, including non-NAA attendees who value opportunities to train, learn, and network alongside FBINAA members. The chapters observed increased participation from professional (non-sworn) staff and individuals seeking to attend future National Academy sessions, reflecting the broad appeal and relevance of the training offered. This in clusive approach strengthens the profession by bringing together diverse perspectives and fostering a shared commitment to leadership and excellence. The chapters invite you to join them for the next Joint Washington/Idaho/Montana Chapter Fall Conference, scheduled for Sept. 27–30, 2026, at the Northern Quest Conference Center in Airway Heights, Wash. The 2026 conference promises to build on the strong foundation established in 2024 and to continue advancing the collaborative spirit that defines the FBINAA. Learn more about our upcoming conference by visiting the WA or ID-MT Chapter websites: • www.fbinaawa.org • www.fbinaamtid.com Section I Meeting and 2026 WA-MT-ID Joint Conference Infor mation & Registration: https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2026 fbinaa-northwest-training-conference-wa-mt-id-chapters BY THE NUMBERS The 2024 WA-MT-ID Joint Training Conference demonstrated measurable success across attendance, fundraising, operational efficiency, and vendor engagement. Key outcomes included: • FBINAA Member Admission: 100 registrations, generating $26,000 • Retired FBINAA Member Admission: 18 registrations, generating $3,000 • Law Enforcement Guest (Non-NAA) Admission: 32 registrations, generating $11,000 • FBINAA Member Spouse/Family Guest Admission: 14 registrations, generating $1,500 • Golf Tournament: $600 raised • Youth Leadership Program Raffle: $7,000 raised • Vendor Registration: $42,000 raised • Zeffy Registration Platform: Use of the Zeffy platform for attendee and vendor registration enabled easy creation and sharing of QR codes and online payment links, supported credit-card processing, and saved the chapters over $3,500 in credit-card fees. • HelmsBriscoe Partnership: Professional services from HelmsBriscoe provided expert support in reviewing and negotiating hotel and venue contracts, reducing administrative burden and ensuring favorable terms. Previously, the Washington Chapter had contracted event planning at a cost of $15,000 per year. • Board and Volunteer Leadership: Reliance on chapter board members and volunteers to organize committees, coordinate events, and manage logistics significantly reduced staffing costs and strengthened member engagement. • FBI Field Office Support: Leadership teams at the FBI Field Offices in Seattle (WA) and Billings (MT) supported the conference by providing professional staff assistance and helping identify and secure high-quality training content.

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

17 continued on page 19

KAUA’I FBINAA CHARITABLE FOUNDATION FBINAA CHARITABLE FOUNDATION

7 Days 6 Nights

Travel for Two

Donate to Win

1500 Entries

Your $25 donation to the FBINAA Charitable Foundation helps us to provide disaster relief, fund college scholarships, and assist members and their families in times of need. The winner’s chapter will receive a case of wine from the Foundation Wine Shop!

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026 18

VISIT FBINAAFOUNDATION.ORG TO DONATE TODAY! VISIT FBINAAFOUNDATION.ORG TO DONATE TODAY!

NATIONAL ACADEMY UPDATE

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

Rebecca Vassilakos Unit Chief

T he faculty and staff of the National Academy remain focused on our mission to provide senior law enforcement leaders with transformative developmental opportunities that build partnerships and promote excellence in policing world wide. As such, we have been hard at work to bring several new and exciting opportunities to the program in 2026. • High-Performance Training Center: After much anticipation, we are proud to announce our High-Performance Training Center is now open! The FBI understands to be a high-performing lead er, one must train for high performance. This center was built to support the development of FBI employees and the students of the National Academy. The facility expands the program’s physical training options and prioritizes health, wellness, and recovery. At 38,000 square feet, the center sits adjacent to the track and features: • Ample natural light throughout the entire building • A two-story lobby area • A large performance area including strength and power metabolic training zones with weight racks, rotatory cable pulley machines, kettlebells, dumbbells, a 5,000 square-foot turfed agility training area, curved treadmills, and air bikes • An elevated two-lane indoor track (13.6 laps per mile) • A one-story-tall, turfed ramp, with standard stairs and 18" stair s • A wellness coaching suite and an athletic training suite • Three multi-purpose classrooms to accommodate up to 150 students • A micromart for post-workout fueling and recovery • Wicked Wellness Warrior Challenge: To complement the High-Performance Training Center and the National Academy’s wellness courses, subject-matter experts crafted an optional seven-week challenge for students to complete while at the National Academy to nurture the wicked wellness warrior within. Students learn about the five wellness domains—social, physical, spiritual, emotional, and environmental—and are given weekly wellness habit menus. Working individually or in a pod with oth ers, students select two habits weekly, with each week building successively. By the end of the challenge, students will have 14 well-practiced habits across multiple domains of wellness. • Canvas: In partnership with the University of Virginia, the Na tional Academy is proud to introduce Canvas to the program. Can vas is a digital learning management system designed to elevate the student experience by intuitively organizing learning content and communications. Upon arrival at the National Academy, stu dents can now download the Canvas app or log in to the Canvas portal online for a one-stop hub of all class information, to include the session schedule, announcements, contact information, and course materials. Students can also use Canvas to communicate with their instructors, submit homework, and receive their grades. This user-friendly, streamlined system will ensure all students have the information they need to be successful.

• National Academy Family and Friends Open House: Begin ning with Session 295 in 2025, the FBI Academy now opens its doors to friends and family of National Academy students. This highly lauded open house event takes place during each gradu ation week and allows guests to tour FBI Academy grounds and meet our outstanding NA instructors. I could not be prouder of the teamwork, perseverance, and commitment of everyone involved in the National Academy program to make these exciting opportunities a reality for our students.

continued from "Partnership Success" page 17

These figures highlight the strong engagement from mem bers, guests, and industry partners, and they underscore the financial viability of the regional partnership model.

About the Author: Tim Gately , is a retired Chief of Police and graduate of FBI National Academy Session 261. His career began with the Washington State Patrol and progressed through leadership roles in the Redmond, W A and Des Moines, W A Police Departments. He currently serves as a Solution Architect for Versaterm Public Safety, supporting IAPro and a broad suite of public-safety software solutions. He also serves as President of the FBINAA Washington Chapter and as the National Coordinator for the FBINAA Youth Leadership Program. Tim spent 10 years as a course designer and principal instructor for the Criminal

Justice Program at City University of Seattle. As a leadership consultant, he focuses on strategy, culture, and organizational transformation. A national speaker and instructor, he is committed to developing future leaders and supporting youth leadership initiatives.

19

DICK ARTHER

WAS RIGHT DR. MICHAEL WHITE, NA SESSION 206 This article argues that Dick Arther’s approach to polygraph examina tions correctly framed the polygraph as an investigative aid rather than a truth‑verifying instrument. Consistent with both legal standards and em pirical critiques of polygraph validity, Arther emphasized information gath ering, confession development, and—critically—the requirement that sus pects prove their involvement through independently corroborated facts. The article contends that wrongful convictions associated with polygraph use stem not from chart interpretation errors, but from investigative and prosecutorial failures to require corroboration. Arther’s philosophy antici pated modern concerns about overreliance on physiological inference and remains a sound framework for ethical and effective investigative practice. F or decades, debate over the polygraph has focused on chart accuracy, examiner skill, and competing scoring methodologies. Courts, however, have consistently rejected polygraph charts as scientifically reliable evidence. Against this backdrop, Dick Arther’s philosophy stands apart. Arther did not view the polygraph as a truth machine. Instead, he treated it as a structured opportunity to gather information, elicit admissions, and generate corroborable evidence. This article argues that Arther’s approach aligns more closely with legal reality, investigative best practice, and the lessons of wrongful conviction cases. THE POLYGRAPH’S LEGAL AND SCIENTIFIC LIMITATIONS Polygraph charts are generally inadmissible in court because they rely on psychophysiological inference rather than direct evidence. Even when administered according to professional standards, polygraph results remain probabilistic and vulnerable to bias, countermeasures, and contextual effects. Courts have therefore drawn a clear line between investigative utility and evidentiary reliability. Arther’s method implicitly accepted this limitation and redirected examiner focus away from chart analysis toward investigative value.

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026 20

continued on page 22

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

21

continued from "Dick Arthur Was Right" page 20

THE POLYGRAPH AS AN INVESTIGATIVE TOOL Arther consistently taught that telling investigators what they already suspect—namely, that a prime suspect is lying—adds little to an investigation. In most criminal cases, the polygraph is administered after investigators have already identified a likely suspect based on case facts. In such contexts, deception deci sions provide confirmation rather than discovery. Arther instead emphasized that the true value of the polygraph lies in its ability to facilitate information flow during a structured interview. GET THE CONFESSION (GTC) Arther’s well‑known directive to “Get That Confession” (GTC) has sometimes been misunderstood as a call for coercion. In practice, GTC refers to obtaining admissions that advance the investigation by revealing facts, timelines, locations, accomplices, or mechanisms of the crime. Importantly, Arther paired GTC with an equally strong admonition: make them prove they did it. A confession without corroboration was, in Arther’s view, investiga tively meaningless. CORROBORATION AS THE SAFEGUARD A review of wrongful conviction cases involving confessions reveals a common failure: the absence of independent corrobo rating evidence. False confessions that led to wrongful convic tions were not caused by polygraph charts alone, nor by inter rogation in isolation, but by investigative systems that treated uncorroborated admissions as sufficient. Arther’s insistence on corroboration directly addresses this failure mode. Under his framework, neither a failed polygraph nor a confession ends the investigation; both merely generate hypotheses to be tested against external facts. THE ROLE OF THE POLYGRAPH EXAMINER Arther’s approach also clarifies the examiner’s role. The polygraph examiner does not create evidence. Rather, the exam iner facilitates the collection of information that may become evidence once independently verified. This distinction is critical. Charts are typically inadmissible; statements, admissions, and corroborated facts obtained during the examination process often are admissible. Arther therefore placed limited emphasis on post‑test chart analysis and greater emphasis on pre‑test and post‑test interviews as investigative opportunities. PROSECUTORIAL RESPONSIBILITY Polygraph‑related wrongful convictions do not occur in a vacuum. Even when a suspect fails a polygraph or confesses, charging decisions rest with prosecutors. Arther’s philoso

phy implicitly assigns responsibility to prosecutors to require corroboration before filing charges. When prosecutors rely on polygraph‑driven confessions without independent evidence, the failure is institutional, not technological. DISCUSSION Arther’s method anticipated many modern critiques of poly graph practice: overreliance on physiological inference, confirma tion bias, and the danger of substituting probability for proof. By treating the polygraph as a tool for information gathering rather than truth verification, Arther offered a model that is both ethically sound and legally realistic. His approach harmonizes investigative practice with the courts’ longstanding skepticism toward polygraph evidence. DISCUSSION: DISTINGUISHING ARTHER FROM COERCIVE INTERROGATION Arther’s emphasis on obtaining confessions has at times been mischaracterized as endorsing coercive interrogation practices. This conflation is inaccurate. Arther’s framework differs fundamentally from confession-driven models that treat admis sions as proof (Leo & Drizin, 2010; Kassin et al., 2010). His method requires that any admission be followed by rigorous factual verification. Arther’s approach aligns with contemporary safeguards against false confessions by demanding independent corrobora tion and continued hypothesis testing. Unlike coercive models that prioritize psychological pressure, Arther’s method empha sizes factual development. Admissions function as investigative leads, not conclusions. By insisting that investigators “make them prove they did it,” Arther rejected confession sufficiency as a basis for guilt.

continued on page 23

22

continued from "Dick Arthur Was Right" page 22

Arther also anticipated modern critiques regarding confir mation bias (Kassin et al., 2010). By cautioning examiners and investigators not to treat polygraph outcomes or admissions as endpoints, he implicitly warned against prematurely narrowing investigative focus. His insistence on corroboration functioned as a structural check against coercion, tunnel vision, and evidentiary shortcuts. Professional standards governing polygraph practice emphasize procedural consistency and examiner uniformity, though such standards do not alter courts’ evidentiary treatment of polygraph results or their admissibility (American Polygraph Association [APA], 2023). COUNTERARGUMENTS AND RESPONSES: CHART-CENTRIC MODELS Proponents of chart-centric polygraph methodologies argue that standardized scoring systems and examiner consistency enhance scientific credibility and professional legitimacy. While standardization improves intra-practitioner reliability, it does not resolve the fundamental evidentiary limitation: physiological responses do not constitute proof of criminal conduct. Arther’s critique was not that chart analysis lacks utility, but that its investigative value is limited. Even a perfectly scored chart does not establish actus reus, mens rea, or corroborating circumstance. Emphasizing chart outcomes risks reinforcing con firmation bias, particularly when examinations are administered after suspects have already been identified through traditional investigative means. Courts have consistently recognized this limitation (Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1993; United States v. Schef fer, 1998). Polygraph charts are generally excluded not because they are inconsistently administered, but because they do not meet evidentiary standards of relevance and reliability under Daubert-type analyses. Arther’s model avoids this problem by focusing on admissible outputs: statements, leads, timelines, and corroborated facts. SYSTEM RESPONSIBILITY AND DECISION-MAKING Polygraph-related wrongful convictions do not result from a single decision or actor. Responsibility is distributed across the investigative system. The polygraph examiner’s role is to facilitate information gathering, not to determine guilt. Investigators are responsible for corroborating information through independent evidence. Prosecutors, in turn, bear the responsibility of evaluat ing whether sufficient admissible evidence exists to justify charg ing decisions. When this system functions properly, polygraph examina tions may contribute investigatively without distorting outcomes. When it fails, the failure lies not in the existence of the polygraph, but in the abandonment of corroboration standards at the inves tigative or prosecutorial level. CONCLUSION: INVESTIGATIONS PROVE CASES, NOT POLYGRAPHS Arther’s framework more accurately reflects the legal and investigative role of the polygraph than models that emphasize chart interpretation or deception decisions. The polygraph does not determine truth; investigations do. Its proper function is to aid investigators in obtaining information that can be indepen dently corroborated. Confessions matter only insofar as they lead

to verifiable facts. Wrongful convictions arise not from the poly graph itself, but from institutional failures to require corrobora tion (Leo & Drizin, 2010; NRC, 2003). In this respect, Dick Arther’s philosophy remains both relevant and necessary.

FBINAA.ORG | Q1 2026

References American Polygraph Association. (2023). Standards of practice. https://www.polygraph.org

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993).

Kassin, S. M., Drizin, S. A., Grisso, T., Gudjonsson, G. H., Leo, R. A., & Redlich, A. D. (2010). Police-induced confessions: Risk factors and recommendations. Law and Human Behavior, 34(1), 3–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-009-9188-6 Leo, R. A., & Drizin, S. A. (2010). The three errors: Pathways to false confession and wrongful conviction. In G. D. Lassiter & C. A. Meissner (Eds.), Police interrogations and false confessions (pp. 9–30). American Psychological Association. National Research Council. (2003). The polygraph and lie detection. National Academies Press. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10420/the- polygraph-and-lie-detection

United States v. Scheffer, 523 U.S. 303 (1998).

OpenAI. (2024). ChatGPT [Large language model]. https://openai.com

Author contribution note: This article was written with substantive assistance from an artificial intelligence language model (ChatGPT, OpenAI), used for drafting, organization, and language refinement. Conceptual arguments, interpretations, and conclusions reflect the author’s views and professional judgment.

About the Author: Dr. Michael White is a seasoned law enforcement and criminal justice professional with over 30 years of leadership experience in policing, education, and international advisory roles. He recently retired as Safety Service Director for the City of Norwalk, Ohio, following a distinguished career as Chief of Police in Monroeville and Chief of Detectives in Norwalk. Dr. White previously served as Chair of the Under graduate Online Criminal Justice Department at Tiffin University, where he developed nationally recognized

training programs and published research on crime, ethics, and the perception of justice. Internationally, he has served as a Senior Police Advisor and Program Man ager in Liberia and Iraq, working to strengthen the rule of law and enhance policing standards. A graduate of the FBI National Academy Session 206 and a Certified Polygraph Examiner, Dr. White is an active member of the FBI National Academy Associates, the International Association of Chiefs of Police, and the Ohio Association of Chiefs of Police as well as the Ohio Association of Polygraph Examiners. He is also a frequent presenter at academic and professional conferences, with publications appearing in Ohio Police Chief Magazine and the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin.

23