Glossary of Forging Terms

working range of 1900 to 2300° F. See also Cold Working and Hot Working. Warpage — Term generally applied to distortion that results during quenching from heat-treating temperatures; hand straightening, press straightening, or cold restriking is employed, depending on the configuration of the part and the amount of warpage involved. The condition is governed by applicable straightness tolerances; beyond tolerances, warpage is defect and cause for rejection. The term is not to be confused with "bend" or "twist." Ways — The fitted V-shaped grooves in the ram and columns of a hammer or press that guide the descent and ascent of the ram. Web — A relatively flat, thin portion of a forging, generally parallel to the forging plane—that connects ribs and bosses. See also Rib. Wrought steel — A descriptive term for any particle of steel that has been produced by hot mechanical working.