56 / 80
56
CHAD
NIGER
MALI
NIGERIA
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
OF CONGO
NAMIBIA
SOUTH AFRICA
BOTSWANA
ZIMBABWE
MOZAMBIQUE
TANZANIA
KENYA
ETHIOPIA
ERITREA
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
CONGO
GABON
CAMEROON
EQ. GUINEA
BENIN
TOGO
GHANA
CÔTE
D’IVOIRE
BURKINA
FASO
SENEGAL
GUINEA
LIBERIA
UGANDA
RWANDA
ZAMBIA
MALAWI
ALGERIA
LIBYA
MOROCCO
Western Sahara
EGYPT
SUDAN
MAURITANIA
ANGOLA
SOMALIA
MADAGASCAR
Somaliland
SOUTH
SUDAN
SIERRA LEONE
GUINEA-
BISSAU
GAMBIA
BURUNDI
DJIBOUTI
LESOTHO
SWAZILAND
African elephants threatened by con ict
Source: Armed Con ict Location and Events Dataset (ACLED); African Elephant
Database (AED)/IUCN/SSC African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG)
Elephant range, 2007
Note: A battle is de ned as a violent interaction between two politically
organized armed groups at a particular time and location.
A riot is de ned as a violent disturbance of the public peace by three or more
persons assembled for a common purpose.
A protest is de ned as a spontaneous, non-violent gathering of civilians for a
political purpose
Armed con icts, political and social tension, 2010-2012
Known
Possible
Battle between government forces and rebel
forces (less than 50 or no fatalities)
Major battle (more than 50 fatalities)
Riot (violent) or protest (non violent)
Other con ictual event (less than 50 or no fatalities)
Violence against civilians