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Interfaced
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Older SIS equipment did not address cyber security
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Generally linked by a non routing generic protocol
(i.e. modbus)
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Safety related communications (bypasses,
overrides etc) made more challenging
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Makes other aspects of operation more difficult
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e.g. patching, backups, virus updates
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may in turn introduce security risk
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Visibility for operations and maintenance has to be
“engineered in” and is therefore more limited