C H A P T E R 1 8
Vaccines and sera
279
Cell
Invasion
Helper T cells
Effector
T cells
Cell death
Inflammatory response
Suppressor T cells
Interleukins
Immune sera, antitoxins,
antivenins work here
Protein release
B cell
Plasma cells
Vaccines
work here
Memory cells
Antibody formation
Antigen–antibody complex
Complement activation
Inflammatory reaction
Cell injury
Hageman factor
Kinin activation
Leucocyte activation
Pyretic effect
Histamine
release
Rubor
Calour
Tumour
Dolour
FIGURE 18.3
Sites of action of biologicals.
TABLE 18.1
DRUGS IN FOCUS Vaccines
Drug name
Dosage/route
Usual indications
Bacterial vaccines
BCG vaccine (generic)
0.1 mL intradermal
Prevention of tuberculosis
Coxiella burnetii vaccine (Q-vax)
0.5 mL SC
Prevention of Q fever
Haemophilus B conjugate vaccine
(Hiberix)
0.5 mL IM at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months
Active immunisation against
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Neisseria meningitidis vaccine
(Mencevax ACWY, Meningitec,
Menomune)
Adult and paediatric >2 years: 0.5 mL SC
Active immunisation against
meningococcal meningitis groups A,
C, W
135
, Y
pneumococcal vaccine
(Pneumovax 23, Prevenar)
Pneumovax 23, Adult and paediatric
>2 years: 0.5 mL SC or IM
Prevenar, Paediatric 6 weeks–6 months:
0.5 mL IM at 2, 4, 6 months and
12–15 months
Active immunisation against
Streptococcus pneunomiae disease
Salmonella typhi vaccine
(Typherix, Typhim Vi, Vivotif)
Typherix, Typhim Vi: Adult and paediatric
>2 years: 0.5 mL slow IM into deltoid at
least 14 days prior to exposure
Vivotif: Adult and paediatric >6 years:
1 capsule swallowed on days 1, 3 and 5.
Booster every 3 years
Active immunisation against typhoid
fever
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