946
A P P E N D I X B
Parenteral agents
nutrition for the person
; taper slowly
to avoid
severe reactions.
■
■
Provide comfort measures
to help the person
tolerate drug effects
(e.g. provide skin care as
needed, analgesics, hot soaks to extravasation
sites).
■
■
Include information about the solution being
used in a test (e.g. what to expect, adverse
effects that may occur, follow-up tests that may
be needed)
to enhance knowledge about drug
therapy and promote compliance with the drug
regimen.
Evaluation
■
■
Monitor response to the drug (stabilisation of
nutritional state, fluid and electrolyte balance,
laboratory values).
■
■
Monitor for adverse effects (local irritation,
infection, fluid and electrolyte imbalance).
■
■
Evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching plan
(person can name adverse effects to watch for and
specific measures to avoid them; person understands
the importance of follow-up that will be needed).
■
■
Monitor the effectiveness of comfort measures and
compliance with the regimen.
■■
TABLE B Parenterals
Solution
Kilojoule content
(kl/L)
Osmolarity
(mOsm/L)
Usual indications
In solutions
Dextrose solutions
5% (50 g/L)
835
278
Provides kilojoules and fluid, keeps vein open for
administration of IV drugs; frequent choice for dilution of
IV drugs
10% (100 g/L)
1670
556
Hypertonic solution used after admixture with other fluids;
provides kilojoules and fluid
25% (250 g/L)
4175
1389
Hypertonic solution used after admixture with other
fluids; provides kilojoules and fluid; treatment of acute
hypoglycaemic episodes in infants to restore glucose levels
and suppress symptoms; sclerosing agent for varicose veins
50% (500 g/L)
8350
2778
Hypertonic solution used after admixture with other fluids;
provide kilojoules and fluid; treatment of hyperinsulinaemia;
sclerosing agent for varicose veins
70% (700 g/L)
11690
3889
Hypertonic solution used after admixture with other fluids;
provides kilojoules and fluid
Solution
Sodium content
(mEq/L)
Chloride content
(mEq/L)
Osmolarity
(mOsm/L)
Usual indications
Saline solutions
0.45% (½ normal
saline)
77
77
155
Hydrating solution; may be used to
evaluate kidney function; treatment of
hyperosmolar diabetes
0.9% (normal)
154
154
310
Replacement of fluid, sodium and chloride;
flushing lines and catheters; dilution
of IV medications; priming of dialysis
machines; neonatal blood transfusions
3%
513
513
1030
Hypertonic solution to treat sodium and
chloride depletion; emergency treatment
of water intoxication or severe salt
depletion
5%
855
855
1710
Hypertonic solution to treat sodium and
chloride depletion; emergency treatment
of water intoxication or severe salt
depletion
