McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e - page 957

A P P E N D I X B Parenteral agents 947
■■TABLE B Parenterals (continued)
Commonly used combination fluidsa
Solution
Na content
(mEq/L)
K content
(mEq/L)
Cl content
(mEq/L)
Ca content
(mEq/L)
Mg content
(mEq/L)
Lactate
(mEq/L)
Acetate
(mEq/L)
Osmolarity
(mOsm/L)
Plasma-lyte-56 40 13 40 — 3 — 18 111
Ringer’s injection 147 4 156 4 — — — 310
Lactated ringer’s 130 4 109 3 — 28 — 273
Normosol-R 140 5 96 — 3 — 27 295
Typical central parenteral nutrition solutiona,b
Component Purpose Availability Special considerations
10% Amino acids Provides 50 g protein for
growth and healing
500 mL Monitor blood pressure, cardiac output, blood
chemistries and urine to determine the effect of
intravascular protein pull
50% Dextrose Provides 3400 kilojoules
for energy
500 mL Monitor blood sugar; evaluate injection site for
any sign of infection, irritation
10% Fat
emulsion
(Intralipid)
Provides 4600 kilojoules
ready energy per
1000 mL
500 mL Monitor for any sign of emboli (e.g. shortness of
breath, chest pain, deep leg pain, neurological
changes); carefully monitor individual for any
sign of increased vascular workload, especially
very young and geriatric individuals
20% Fat
emulsion
(Intralipid)
Provides 8400 kilojoules
ready energy per
1000 mL
100 mL,
500 mL, 1 L
Monitor for any sign of emboli (e.g. shortness of
breath, chest pain, deep leg pain, neurological
changes); carefully monitor individuals for any
sign of increased vascular workload, especially
very young and geriatric individuals
30% Fat
emulsion
(Intralipid)
Provides 12,600 kilojoules,
ready energy per
1000 mL
250 mL,
333 mL,
500 mL, 1 L
Monitor for any sign of emboli (e.g. shortness of
breath, chest pain, deep leg pain, neurological
changes); carefully monitor individuals for any
sign of increased vascular workload, especially
very young and geriatric individuals
Sodium chloride Provides sodium and
chloride needed for
various chemical
reactions within the body
40 mEq Monitor cardiac rhythm, serum electrolytes
Calcium
gluconate
Provides essential calcium
for muscle contraction,
blood clotting, numerous
chemical reactions
4.8 mEq Monitor cardiac rhythm, muscle strength, serum
electrolytes
Magnesium
sulphate
Provides magnesium
for various chemical
reactions within the body
8 mEq Monitor blood pressure, deep tendon reflexes and
serum electrolytes
Potassium
phosphate
Provides needed
potassium for nerve
functioning, muscle
contractions, etc.
9 mmol Monitor pulse, including rhythm, muscle function
and serum electrolytes
Multivitamins Provide a combination
of essential vitamins to
maintain cell integrity,
promote healing
10 mL Monitor for signs of vitamin deficiency or toxicity
Trace elements Provide small amounts
of elements essential
for numerous chemical
reactions in the body
and maintenance of cell
integrity and healing
Periodically monitor blood chemistries to
determine adequacy of replacement
Zinc 3 mg
Copper 1.2 mg
Manganese 0.3 mg
Chromium 12 mcg
Selenium 20 mcg
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