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A P P E N D I X D
Ophthalmic agents
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TABLE D Ophthalmic agents (continued)
Drug
Usage
Special considerations
naphazoline hydrochloride
(Albalon, Murine Clear I,
Naphcon Forte)
Use as topical vasoconstrictor
1–2 drops up to q.i.d.
olopatadine hydrochloride
(Patanol)
Mast cell stabiliser and antihistamine;
provides fast onset of relief of
itching due to conjunctivitis and has
prolonged action
Not for use with contact lenses; headache is a
common side effect
phenylephrine
hydrochloride (Albalon
Relief, Isopto Frin)
Management of minor eye irritation
in the absence of infection
1–2 drops to affected eye t.d.s.
phenylephrine
hydrochloride with
prednisolone acetate
(Prednefrin Forte)
Treatment of non-infectious eye
inflammation
Initially two drops hourly, then 1–2 drops
b.d.– q.i.d.; apply pressure to tear duct after
administration
pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)
Chronic and acute glaucoma;
treatment of mydriasis caused by
drugs; direct-acting mitotic
Can be stored at room temperature for up to
8 weeks, then discard; may use 1–2 drops
up to six times per day, based on individual
response
propamidine isethionate
(Brolene)
Treatment of mild conjunctivitis
1–2 drops into affected eye(s) t.d.s. or q.i.d. up
to 1 week
proxymetacaine
hydrochloride (Alcaine)
Eye anaesthesia
1–2 drops as needed
sulfacetamide (Bleph-10)
Treatment of conjunctivitis and other
superficial eye infection
1–2 drops in affected eye(s) b.d. or t.d.s.
timolol (Nyogel, Tenopt)
Treatment of elevated IOP in ocular
hypertension or open-angle
glaucoma
One drop in affected eye(s) each day in the
morning
tobramycin (Tobrex)
Treatment of external eye infections
1–2 drops q.i.d. or 1–1.5 cm ointment b.d. or
t.d.s.
travoprost (DuoTrav,
Travatan)
Reduction of intraocular pressure
in individuals with open-angle
glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Reserve for individuals who are intolerant of
other IOP-lowering medications or who have
failed to achieve optimum IOP with other
IOP-lowering medications
tropicamide (Mydriacyl)
Mydriatic and cyclopegic for
refraction
One to two drops, repeat in 5 minutes; may
repeat in 30 minutes for prolonged effects
