A P P E N D I X E
Vitamins
961
■■
TABLE E Vitamins (continued)
Vitamin
Solubility type
Recommended dietary intake (RDI) Therapeutic uses/special considerations
phytonadione (vitamin K)
Fat
70 mcg (male)
60 mcg (female)
60 mcg (breastfeeding)
60 mcg (pregnancy)
25–55 mcg (paediatric)
Hypoprothrombinaemia due to
anticoagulant use: 2.5–10 mg PO,
IM. Haemorrhagic disease of the
newborn: 1 mg IM within 1 hour of
birth. Hypoprothrombinaemia in adult:
2.5–25 mg PO or IM
pyridoxine HCl
(vitamin B
6
) (Pyroxin)
Water
1.3–1.7 mg (male)
1.3–1.5 mg (female)
2.0 mg (breastfeeding)
1.9 mg (pregnancy)
0.5–1.2 mg (paediatric)
Deficiency: 10–20 mg/day PO or IM
for 3 weeks. Vitamin B6 deficiency
syndrome: up to 600 mg/day for life
riboflavin (vitamin B
2
)
(contained in combined
generic products)
Water
1.3–1.6 mg (male)
1.1–1.3 mg (female)
1.6 mg (breastfeeding)
1.4 mg (pregnancy)
0.5–1.1 mg (paediatric)
Treatment of deficiency:
5–15 mg/day. May cause a yellow or
orange discolouration to the urine
thiamin (vitamin B
1
)
(B-Dose, Betamin)
Water
1.2 mg (male)
1.1 mg (female)
1.4 mg (breastfeeding)
1.4 mg (pregnancy)
0.5–1.1 mg (paediatric)
Treatment of beriberi: 10–20 mg IM
t.d.s. for 2 weeks with multivitamin
containing 5–10 mg/day for 1 month.
Do not mix in alkaline solutions. Used
orally as a mosquito repellent, alters
body sweat composition. Feeling of
warmth and flushing may occur with
administration but usually passes
within 2 hours
Reference: National Health and Medical Research Council (2006). Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Including Recommended
Dietary Intakes. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra (currently under review).
