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Intended uses of stone as a building material:
a. As a load-bearing masonry structure.
b. As cladding.
c. As flooring and paving materials.
d. As landscaping.
e. As ornamental units.
f. As casework and furniture.
Deterioration and Problems with stones:
a. Environmentally related deterioration:
1. Delamination
2. Spalling
3. Salt Crystallization
4. Discoloration – Staining
5. Organic Growth
6. Fracturing due to corrosion of
metal anchorages
b. Deterioration of adjacent building
materials:
1. Mortar joints
2. Sealant joints
3. Flashings
c. Stress related deterioration:
1. Cracking due to settlement
2. Cracking due to thermal move-
ment.
3. Cracking due to shrinkage.
d. Inappropriate repairs:
1. Incompatible repair material
2. Improper preparation and
workmanship
3.
Improper repairs (sealants,
mortars, etc.)