

Ventilator-derived VCO
2
measurements to determine REE
67
3
REFERENCES
1.
de Betue CT, van SteenselenWN, Hulst JM, et al. Achieving energy goals at day 4 after admission in
critically ill children; predictive for outcome? Clin Nutr 2015;34:115-22.
2.
Mikhailov TA, Kuhn EM, Manzi J, et al. Early enteral nutrition is associated with lower mortality in
critically ill children. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014;38:459-66.
3.
Schofield WN. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum
Nutr Clin Nutr 1985;39 Suppl 1:5-41.
4.
Energy and protein requirements. Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. World
Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1985;724:1-206.
5.
Coss-Bu JA, Jefferson LS, Walding D, David Y, Smith EO, Klish WJ. Resting energy expenditure in
children in a pediatric intensive care unit: comparison of Harris-Benedict and Talbot predictions
with indirect calorimetry values. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:74-80.
6.
Framson CM, LeLeiko NS, Dallal GE, Roubenoff R, Snelling LK, Dwyer JT. Energy expenditure in
critically ill children. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2007;8:264-7.
7.
Mehta NM, Bechard LJ, Cahill N, et al. Nutritional practices and their relationship to clinical outcomes
in critically ill children--an international multicenter cohort study. Crit Care Med 2012;40:2204-11.
8.
Weir JB. New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism.
J Physiol 1949;109:1-9.
9.
Kerklaan D, Fivez T, Mehta NM, et al. Worldwide Survey of Nutritional Practices in PICUs. Pediatr Crit
Care Med 2016;17:10-8.
10. Mehta NM, Smallwood CD, Joosten KF, Hulst JM, Tasker RC, Duggan CP. Accuracy of a simplified
equation for energy expenditure based on bedside volumetric carbon dioxide elimination
measurement--a two-center study. Clin Nutr 2015;34:151-5.
11. Verhoeven JJ, Hazelzet JA, van der Voort E, Joosten KF. Comparison of measured and predicted
energy expenditure in mechanically ventilated children. Intensive Care Med 1998;24:464-8.
12. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between twomethods of clinical
measurement. Lancet 1986;1:307-10.
13. Stapel SN, de Grooth HJ, Alimohamad H, et al. Ventilator-derived carbon dioxide production to
assess energy expenditure in critically ill patients: proof of concept. Crit Care 2015;19:370.
14. Wenzel U, Wauer RR, Schmalisch G. Comparison of different methods for dead space measurements
in ventilated newborns using CO2-volume plot. Intensive Care Med 1999;25:705-13.
15. Merilainen PT. Metabolic monitor. Int J Clin Monit Comput 1987;4:167-77.
16. Briassoulis G, Michaeloudi E, Fitrolaki DM, Spanaki AM, Briassouli E. Influence of different ventilator
modes on Vo(2) and Vco(2) measurements using a compact metabolic monitor. Nutrition
2009;25:1106-14.
17. Clapis FC, Auxiliadora-Martins M, Japur CC, Martins-Filho OA, Evora PR, Basile-Filho A. Mechanical
ventilation mode (volume x pressure) does not change the variables obtained by indirect
calorimetry in critically ill patients. J Crit Care 2010;25:659 e9-16.