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associated with Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) -
Effect of RT
dose and fractionation ?
HMGB1 (High mobility group box 1 protein)
Chromatin binding nuclear protein
Binds RAGE (receptor for advanced glycosylation end-product) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)
family members (eg. TLR4).
Promotes antigen presentation by DC
Ecto-Calreticulin
ER resident protein, chaperone for miss-folded proteins preventing export
Ectopic surface expression associated with DC uptake
ATP
Attracts monocytes to site of apoptosis “find me” signal
Activates NLRP3 inflammasome in DC and IL-1
β
secretion
Secretion linked to autophagy in pre-mortem “destined-to-die” cells
Apoptotic sub-routines considered to be immunogenic based on the coordination
release of DAMP’s which promote immune activation