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Summary: Radiation 1
•
Radiation carcinogenesis is a
stochastic effect
•
Human experience of radiation-induced carcinogenesis
includes early workers
exposed occupationally,
patients
exposed to
medical irradiation
, survivors of
A-bomb attacks
on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and
Chernobyl
•
Shortest
latency
is for leukemia, with a peak at 5 to 7 years.
For solid tumours, latency may extend to > 60 years
•
Radiation-induced cancer risks are usually based on a
time-related
Relative Risk
(RR) model
•
A dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) converts
risk estimates from acute exposures (
e.g.
A-bomb data) to
the low dose and low dose rates encountered in radiation
protection. ICRP conservatively assumes
DDREF = 2