330 / 462
GAZETTF
OCTOBER 1992
Notes
*. Lecturer in Law, Trinity College,
Dublin. This article is based on a
paper presented to the IFA Occupiers'
Liability Conference on April 8, 1992.
1.
Purtill
-v-
Athlone UDC
[1968] IR
205;
McNamara
-v-
ESB
[1975] IR 1;
Foley -v- Musgrave,
Supreme Court,
unreported, 20 December 1985;
Rooney
-v-
Connolly
[19861IR 572;
Mullen
-v-
Quinnsworth
[1990] 1 IR
59; and
Smith
-v-
CLE.
[1991] 1 IR
314. See generally, McMahon and
Binchy
Irish Law of Torts
(2nd. ed.,
Dublin, 1990), chapter 12.
2.
Indermaur
-v-
Dames
(1866) LR 1
CP 274. The structure in the text
does not include (the possible fourth
category of) contractual invitees,
since the contract, governing the
liability, would usually reach the
same result as the tort-based duty to
take reasonable care.
3.
Addie
-v-
Dumbreck
[1929] AC 358.
4.
Addie
-v-
Dumbreck
[1929] AC 358.
As a result "no occupier is under any
duty to potential trespassers, whether
adults or children, to do anything to
protect them from danger on his land
however likely it may be that they will
come and run into danger and
however lethal the danger may be....If
he knows that trespassers are already
on his land... then he does incur a
duty of a very limited kind - a duty
not to act with reckless disregard of
their safety".
British Railways Board -
v-
Herrington
[1972] 1 All ER 749,
754
per
Lord Reid,
cp
to like effect
Lord Wilberforce at 776.
5.
Perkowski
-v-
Wellington Corporation
[1959] AC 53.
6.
Indermaur
-v-
Dames
(1866) LR 1 CP
274. Here, the employee of a gasfitter
who had contracted to do certain
work on the occupier's factory was
held to be an invitee of the occupier.
Thus, so long as there is a
community of interest between the
occupier and the invitee, as where a
person is on the occupier's premises
with his consent on business, the
visitor is an invitee.
7.
Addie
-v-
Dumbreck
[1929] AC 358,
371
per
Lord Dunedin.
8.
Hardy
-v-
Central London Ry
[1920]
2 K.B. 459, 470;
Latham
-v-
Johnson
[1913] 1 KB 398, 416. The allurement
doctrine predated
Addie
and was
"perfectly sound policy",
British
Railways Board
-v-
Herrington
[1972]
1 All ER 749, 771 and
111 per
Lord
Wilberforce. Its most recent
consideration in Ireland is
Kenny
-v-
Motor Insurance Bureau of Ireland,
High Court, unreported, 29
November 1991, Costello J.
9. Cmnd 9305, para 30;
Cooke
-v-
MGW
Ry. of Ireland
[1909] AC 229, 238;
Latham
-v-
Johnson
[1913] 1 KB 398.
10. [1963] 2 QB 650
11. Cmnd. 9305 (1954)
12. 5 & 6 Eliz. 2., c. 31
13. Salmond and Heuston
The Law of
Torts
(19th. ed., London, 1987) by
Heuston and Buckley, p. 317
14. [1972] AC 877, [1971] 1 All ER 74.
15. See expecially
per
Lords Reid and
Diplock.
16.
Herrington
at p. 758
per
Lord Reid:
"It would follow that an
impecunious ocupier with little
assistance at hand would often be
excused from doing something which
a large organisation with ample staff
would be expected to do".
17. Under
Donoghue
-v-
Stevenson
[1932]
AC 562 and its extensive progeny.
18. Law Com. No 75: Cmnd 6428.
19.
Wheat
-v-
Lacon
[1966] AC 552, 574,
578;
Holden
-v-
White
[1982] QB
679, 687.
20.
Kelly
-v-
Woolworth
[1922] 2 IR 5;
21.
Bracey
-v-
Read
[1962] 3 All ER 472,
Maunsell
-v-
Olins
[1975] 1 All ER
16, HL.
22.
Francis
-v-
Cockrell
(1870) LR 5 QB
501.
23.
Heaven
-v-
Pender
(1883) 11 QBD
503.
24.
Wheeler
-v-
Copas
[1981] 3 All ER
405, 408.
25. [1941] N.I. 23
cp. McNamara
-v-
ESB
[1975] IR 1.
26.
Edwards
-v-
Railway Executive
[1952]
AC 737, 746
per
Lord Goddard C.J.
27.
Addie
-v-
Dumbreck
[1929] AC 358,
372
per
Lord Dunedin,
cp. O'Keeffe -
v-
Irish Motor Inns
[1978] IR 85, 94
per
O'Higgins CJ.
28.
The Calgarth
[1927] P. 93, 110
per
Sutton L.J.
29. McMahon and Binchy
Irish Law of
Torts
(2nd. ed., Dublin, 1990), p.
208.
30.
Id.
p. 209.
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