151 / 220
the final model was determined, the adjusted means for each cate-
gorical variable in the final model were obtained. The procedure
was repeated for each of the five subscale scores. The analysis
was performed in SAS Version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).
RESULTS
The demographic and clinical characteristics of the
587 participants in this study are summarized in Table
I. The baseline survey included 222 participants; the
first follow-up survey included 528 participants; and
the second follow-up survey included 370 participants.
The mean age at diagnosis was 59.35 years (standard
deviation
5
10.16). Approximately 20% of participants
were African American, 76% were male, and 56% had a
TABLE I.
Distribution of Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Indi-
viduals With Head and Neck Cancer.*
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
Total
(N
5
587)
Race
White
79.90%
African-American
20.10%
Age at Diagnosis (years)
<
50
19.08%
50–64
49.23%
65–74
24.53%
75
1
7.16%
Income
$0 to
<
$20,000
29.30%
$20,000
1
66.44%
Number Supported in Household
1 to 3 individuals
85.35%
4 or more individuals
14.14%
Sex
Male
75.81%
Female
24.19%
Education
High school or less
56.39%
Some college
25.72%
College degree or higher
17.89%
Marital Status
Living with spouse or partner
64.57%
Living alone
35.43%
Health Insurance Coverage
None
10.39%
Private
43.78%
Government
32.71%
Multiple
13.12%
Tobacco Use (baseline, n
5
222)
Not at all
74.32%
A little bit
10.36%
Somewhat to very much
15.32%
Tobacco Use (follow-up 1, n
5
528)
Not at all
74.43%
A little bit
8.90%
Somewhat to very much
16.67%
Tobacco Use (follow-up 2, n
5
370)
Not at all
76.76%
A little bit
7.30%
Somewhat to very much
15.95%
Alcohol Use (baseline, n
5
222)
Not at all
75.23%
A little bit
11.26%
Somewhat to very much
13.51%
Alcohol Use (follow-up 1, n
5
528)
Not at all
57.20%
A little bit
25.76%
Somewhat to very much
17.05%
TABLE I.
(
Continued)
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
Total
(N
5
587)
Alcohol Use (follow-up 2, n
5
370)
Not at all
52.43%
A little bit
26.49%
Somewhat to very much
21.08%
Body Mass Index
Underweight/normal
36.97%
Overweight
34.92%
Obese
28.11%
Comorbid Conditions (sum)
0
44.63%
1
1
55.37%
Cancer Type
Oral
52.64%
Laryngeal
37.65%
Pharyngeal
9.71%
Stage of Cancer
I
26.24%
II
17.04%
III
17.38%
IV
39.35%
Lymph Nodes
No
70.53%
Yes
28.79%
Feeding Tube
Yes (baseline, n
5
222)
24.32%
Yes (follow-up 1, n
5
521)
9.02%
Yes (follow-up 2, n
5
369)
4.88%
Received Radiation Treatment
No
22.83%
Yes
76.66%
Received Surgery
No
42.59%
Yes
57.24%
Received Chemotherapy
No
57.92%
Yes
41.23%
*At diagnosis and follow-up visits where indicated.
Reeve et al.: Factors Associated With Quality of Life
131