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95
the cost of transport into the Lake Victoria Basin is
about twice as much as transporting the same cargo to
the coastal zone (Golub and Varma 2014). This reduces
economic opportunities and slows down economic
growth in the landlocked upper region of the Basin.
This situation is, however, projected to change with the
ongoing development of regional transport corridors
under the auspices of the EAC. Some of the proposed
corridors transverse the LVB and will, therefore, be
expected to improve trade, investment, agriculture and
industrial production, as well as the exploration and
exploitation of mineral resources – helping to boost the
economy of the Basin.
Oil Pipeline
Oil imports to the EAC and Lake Victoria Basin States
are partly serviced through the pipeline in Kenya,
which has two terminal depots at Kisumu and Eldoret.
Transport of oil from these depots to western Kenya,
Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Eastern Democratic
Republic of Congo is by both road and water/marine
transport. The EAC partner states are considering
extending the oil pipeline to Kampala in Uganda, Kigali
in Rwanda and to Bujumbura in Burundi in the future.
The extension of the pipeline will further support the
economic integration of countries in East Africa.
As a result of the developing oil industry in Uganda,
there are plans to run a pipeline through the LVB into
Tanzania and to the port in Dar es Salaam. The pipeline
is expected to facilitate the export of oil through the
port facilities in Tanzania.
Air Transport
There are three international airports in the LVB: Entebbe
in Uganda, Eldoret in Kenya and Kigali in Rwanda. There
are plans to upgrade Kisumu Airport in Kenya and
Mwanza Airport in Tanzania to international standards.
The growing potential for trade and tourism, are likely to
result in more air transport in the basin countries.
The Basin has various smaller landing facilities and airstrips:
Homa Bay, Kisii and Kericho in Kenya, Mbarara in Uganda,
and Bukoba and Musoma inTanzania. These facilities allow
regional and national connections that help enhance air
travel between themajor towns in the LVB and beyond. The
airstrips are largely under-utilized and therefore, the Basin
and the region at large need a more vibrant economy
to make more efficient use of these facilities.
Kigali
Bujumbura
ToKisangani
To Juba
To
Mombasa
ToCentralCorridor
ToCentralCorridor
Kampala
Nairobi
Kisumu
Homa
Bay
Nakuru
Jinja
Port Bell
Arusha
Bukoba
Musoma
Nansio
Mwanza
Mbarara
Ruhengeri
Kibuye
Butare
Gitarama Kibungo
Ngozi
Gitega
UGANDA
KENYA
RWANDA
BURUNDI
TANZANIA
LakeVictoria
Northern Corridor
Main navigation routes
Lake Victoria basin
Main airports
Lake Victoria main ports
100 km
SOUTH SUDAN
Shark el Oweinat
Aswan
Wadi Halfa
Dongola
Atbara
Port Sudan
Massawa
Asmara
Djibouti
Bahar Dar
Addis Ababa
Gambella
Aba Segud
Bole
Bor
Juba
Isiro Matari
Bunia
Gulu
Port Bell
Kisumu
Eldoret
Nairobi
Jomo Kenyatta
Kilimanjaro
Mombasa
Tanga
Dar es Salam
Dodoma
Pemba
Moi
Malindi
Lamu
Arusha
Musoma
Mwanza
Kigali
Bukoba
Bukavu Kavumu
Kamembe
Kindu
Kisangani Bangoka
Goma
Bujumbura
Entebbe
Kampala
Buta Zega
Wau
Malakal
Renk
Khartoum
Kosti
El Fasher
Nyala
Luxor
Hurghada
Sharm el Sheikh
Taba
Port Said
El Minya
Cairo
Embaba
Borg el Arab
Mersa Matruh Alexandria
UGANDA
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBIC OF THE
CONGO
TANZANIA
KENYA
SUDAN
ETHIOPIA
DJIBUTI
ERITREA
EGYPT
RWANDA
BURUNDI
Lake
Victoria
W
h
i
t
e
N
i
l
e
B
l
u
e
N
i
l
e
M
a
i
n
N
i
l
e
M
a
i
n
N
i
l
e
Transport system
500 km
Nile river basin
Oil/fuel pipeline
Lamu corridor
Capital city
Lake Victoria basin
Airport
Main deep-sea harbour
Lake Victoria port
Inland port
Trans-African highways
Railways
Annual
Seasonal
Inland navigation routes
Paved
Non paved
Operational
Non operational
Copyright©2016GRID-Arendal ·Cartografare ilpresente/NievesLópez Izquierdo
Source:NileBasin InitiativeSecretariat,2013, “Stateof theRiverNileBasin2012”;
StatisticsDepartmentAfrica InfrastructureKnowledgeProgram,2013, “Stateof Infrastructure
inEastAfrica”,ChiefEconomistVicePresidencyof theAfricanDevelopmentBank.
The Kisumu Airport terminal building
Figure 3.4: East Africa’s transport corridors